Exam question 4 · The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays
It is given that the sawfish is designated critically endangered. Ascertain the principal cause thereof.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, principal · What happens: give, designate, ascertain, cause · To what, where: It, sawfish
This is exam question 4 of lesson 91 «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that the sawfish is designated critically endangered.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 designated | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sawfish | det |
| 6 | sawfish | sawfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 designated | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 designated | aux:pass |
| 8 | designated | designate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 9 | critically | critically | ADV | _ | 10 endangered | advmod |
| 10 | endangered | endangered | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 designated | xcomp |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | designate | present · passive | the sawfish | endangered property | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Ascertain the principal cause thereof.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ascertain | ascertain | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 principal | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cause | nsubj |
| 4 | cause | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Ascertain | ccomp |
| 5 | thereof | thereof | ADV | _ | 4 cause | advmod |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ascertain | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ascertain | imperative | you not said here | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | cause | present | the principal | thereof property | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Entanglement of its saw in fishing nets
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Entanglement | entanglement | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 saw | case |
| 3 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 saw | nmod:poss |
| 4 | saw | saw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Entanglement | nmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 nets | case |
| 6 | fishing | fishing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 nets | compound |
| 7 | nets | net | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Entanglement | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
Predation upon it by manta rays
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Predation | predation | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 3 it | case |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Predation | nmod |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 rays | case |
| 5 | manta | manta | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rays | compound |
| 6 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Predation | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | predate | manta rays | upon Predation | nom predation «act transitive»: upon=obl by=agent |
Option 3
Insufficiency of plankton in its waters
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Insufficiency | insufficiency | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 plankton | case |
| 3 | plankton | plankton | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Insufficiency | nmod |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 waters | case |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 waters | nmod:poss |
| 6 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Insufficiency | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Excessive warmth of the ocean surface
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Excessive | excessive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 warmth | amod |
| 2 | warmth | warmth | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 surface | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 surface | det |
| 5 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 surface | compound |
| 6 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 warmth | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/e4/