Exam question 3 · The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the whale shark.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, whale shark

This is exam question 3 of lesson 91 «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 shark	det
11	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 shark	compound
12	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the whale shark		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus shark=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is the largest fish and subsists upon plankton and small fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 fish	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fish	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 fish	det
4	largest	large	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 fish	amod
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 subsists	cc
7	subsists	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fish	conj
8	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 plankton	case
9	plankton	plankton	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 subsists	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 fish	cc
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 fish	amod
12	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 plankton	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the largest fish					tree rules
2	subsist	present						upon plankton and small fish	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It is a mammal that respires by means of lungs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 mammal	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mammal	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 mammal	det
4	mammal	mammal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 means	nsubj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 respires	nsubj
6	respires	respire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 mammal	acl:relcl
7	by	by	ADP	_	6 respires	obl
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 lungs	case
10	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 means	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a mammal		tree rules
2	respire	present	a mammal			tree rules
3	mean	present	a mammal		of lungs	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is a modest fish of under two metres

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 fish	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fish	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fish	det
4	modest	modest	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 fish	amod
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 metres	case
7	under	under	ADP	_	9 metres	case
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 metres	nummod
9	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fish	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a modest fish				of two metres	tree rules

Option 4

It is a whale which hunts other sharks throughout the open oceans

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 whale	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 whale	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 whale	det
4	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 hunts	nsubj
6	hunts	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 whale	acl:relcl
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sharks	amod
8	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hunts	obj
9	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	12 oceans	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 oceans	det
11	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 oceans	amod
12	oceans	ocean	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hunts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a whale					tree rules
2	hunt	present	a whale	other sharks		the open oceans			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shark=Theme throughout ocean=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/e3/