Exam question 1 · The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the jellyfish?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: jellyfish

This is exam question 1 of lesson 92 «The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep sea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 jellyfish	det
10	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the jellyfish				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is a marine plant that pulses with the tide

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 plant	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 plant	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 plant	det
4	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 plant	amod
5	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 pulses	nsubj
7	pulses	pulse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 plant	acl:relcl
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 tide	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 tide	det
10	tide	tide	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pulses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a marine plant					tree rules
2	pulse	present	a marine plant					with the tide	vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It is an invertebrate allied to corals, devoid of brain, heart and bones

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 invertebrate	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 invertebrate	cop
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 invertebrate	det
4	invertebrate	invertebrate	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	allied	ally	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 invertebrate	acl
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 corals	case
7	corals	coral	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 allied	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 devoid	punct
9	devoid	devoid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 invertebrate	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 brain	case
11	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 devoid	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 heart	punct
13	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 brain	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 bones	cc
15	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 brain	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a invertebrate		tree rules
2	ally	participle		a invertebrate not said here	to corals	vn conspire-71 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	be				of brain and heart and bones	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It is the juvenile form of the octopus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 form	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 form	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 form	det
4	juvenile	juvenile	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 form	compound
5	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 octopus	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 octopus	det
8	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 form	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	the juvenile form				of the octopus	tree rules

Option 4

It is a boneless fish possessing gills, fins and a simple brain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 fish	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fish	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fish	det
4	boneless	boneless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 fish	amod
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	possessing	possess	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 fish	acl
7	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 possessing	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 fins	punct
9	fins	fin	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 gills	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 brain	cc
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 brain	det
12	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 brain	amod
13	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gills	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a boneless fish					tree rules
2	possess	gerund	a boneless fish not said here	gills and fins and a simple brain					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot gill=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/e1/