Exam question 3 · The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep…

Identify the principal reason for which octopus blood is blue in colour.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, octopus blood · What happens: identify, be · To what, where: principal reason, colour

This is exam question 3 of lesson 92 «The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep sea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 blue	obl
7	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 blood	compound
8	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 blue	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 blue	cop
10	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	acl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 colour	case
12	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 blue	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	is	present	octopus blood			colour		for the principal reason; blue property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Its body temperature is exceedingly low

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 temperature	nmod:poss
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 temperature	compound
3	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 low	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 low	cop
5	exceedingly	exceedingly	ADV	_	6 low	advmod
6	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Its body temperature					exceedingly, low property	tree rules

Option 2

Its ink is dissolved within the blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 ink	nmod:poss
2	ink	ink	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dissolved	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dissolved	aux:pass
4	dissolved	dissolve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	within	within	ADP	_	7 blood	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 blood	det
7	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dissolved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissolve	present · passive		Its ink				within the blood	vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 3

The animal ingests large quantities of seawater, which tints the blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 animal	det
2	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ingests	nsubj
3	ingests	ingest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 quantities	amod
5	quantities	quantity	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ingests	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 seawater	case
7	seawater	seawater	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 quantities	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 tints	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 tints	nsubj
10	tints	tint	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 seawater	acl:relcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 blood	det
12	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tints	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ingest	present	the animal	large quantities of seawater					vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal quantity=Theme
2	tint	present	seawater	the blood					vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Oxygen is carried by a substance containing copper rather than iron

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 carried	aux:pass
3	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 substance	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 substance	det
6	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 carried	obl
7	containing	contain	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 copper	amod
8	copper	copper	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 substance	conj
9	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	11 iron	cc
10	than	than	ADP	_	9 rather	fixed
11	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 substance	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present · passive	a substance and containing copper rather iron	Oxygen					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	contain	gerund							vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/e3/