Exam question 2 · Parrots, flamingos and the bird of prey show

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the flight of the owl?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: flight

This is exam question 2 of lesson 94 «Parrots, flamingos and the bird of prey show» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 flight	det
10	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 owl	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 owl	det
13	owl	owl	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 flight	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the flight of the owl				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It is possible only in daylight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 possible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possible	cop
3	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 daylight	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 daylight	case
6	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			daylight		possible property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is accompanied by a loud whistling produced by the stiff wing feathers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 accompanied	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 accompanied	aux:pass
3	accompanied	accompany	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 whistling	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 whistling	det
6	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 whistling	amod
7	whistling	whistling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 accompanied	obl
8	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 whistling	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	13 feathers	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 feathers	det
11	stiff	stiff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 feathers	amod
12	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 feathers	compound
13	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accompany	present · passive		It				by a loud whistling	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme by whistling=Destination
2	produce	participle		a loud whistling not said here				by the stiff wing feathers	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It is nearly silent, owing to the soft fringed edges of its feathers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 silent	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 silent	cop
3	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	4 silent	advmod
4	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 owing	punct
6	owing	owe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 silent	advcl
7	to	to	ADP	_	11 edges	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 edges	det
9	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 edges	amod
10	fringed	fringed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 edges	amod
11	edges	edge	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 owing	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 feathers	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 feathers	nmod:poss
14	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 edges	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					nearly, silent property	tree rules
2	owe	gerund						to the soft fringed edges of its feathers goal	vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to edge=Goal

Option 4

It is conducted solely at great altitude

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 conducted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 conducted	aux:pass
3	conducted	conduct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 conducted	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 altitude	case
6	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 altitude	amod
7	altitude	altitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 conducted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	conduct	present · passive		It		great altitude		solely property	vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme at altitude=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/94-parrots-flamingos-and-the-bird-of-prey-show/e2/