Exam question 1 · The butterfly house

Identify the principal reason for which the butterfly house is maintained at a high temperature.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, maintain · To what, where: principal reason, butterfly house, high temperature

This is exam question 1 of lesson 98 «The butterfly house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 maintained	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 house	det
8	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 house	compound
9	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 maintained	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 maintained	aux:pass
11	maintained	maintain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	at	at	ADP	_	15 temperature	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 temperature	det
14	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 temperature	amod
15	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 maintained	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	maintain	present · passive		the butterfly house		a high temperature		for the principal reason	vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Butterflies, being cold-blooded, require warmth in order to fly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 blooded	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Butterflies	punct
3	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 blooded	cop
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 blooded	amod
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 cold	punct
6	blooded	blooded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 require	punct
8	require	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 blooded	parataxis
9	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 require	obj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 order	case
11	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 require	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 fly	mark
13	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 require	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	gerund	Butterflies			blooded property	tree rules
2	require	present		warmth	order		vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme warmth=Precondition
3	fly	to-infinitive					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Warmth prevents the scales from falling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prevents	nsubj
2	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 scales	det
4	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 prevents	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 falling	mark
6	falling	fall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 prevents	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	present	Warmth	the scales					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer scale=Theme
2	fall	gerund	Warmth not said here						vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Butterflies are incapable of perceiving cold

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 incapable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 perceiving	mark
5	perceiving	perceive	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 incapable	advcl
6	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 perceiving	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Butterflies					incapable property	tree rules
2	perceive	gerund	Butterflies not said here					cold property	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Warmth deters the predatory birds which would otherwise eat them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 deters	nsubj
2	deters	deter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 birds	det
4	predatory	predatory	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 birds	compound
5	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deters	obj
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 eat	nsubj
7	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 eat	aux
8	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	_	9 eat	advmod
9	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 birds	acl:relcl
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 eat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deter	present	Warmth	the predatory birds					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer bird=Eventuality
2	eat	would	the predatory birds	birds = bird				otherwise property	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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