Exam question 2 · The butterfly house

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the colouring of the blue morpho?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: colouring

This is exam question 2 of lesson 98 «The butterfly house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 colouring	det
10	colouring	colouring	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 morpho	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 morpho	det
13	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 morpho	amod
14	morpho	morpho	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 colouring	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the colouring of the blue morpho				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The blue covers both surfaces of the wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 blue	det
2	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 covers	nsubj
3	covers	cover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	5 surfaces	det
5	surfaces	surface	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 covers	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 wings	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 wings	det
8	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 surfaces	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cover	present	the blue	both surfaces of the wings					vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme surface=Destination

Option 2

The blue derives from a pigment obtained from the flowers upon which it feeds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 blue	det
2	blue	blue	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derives	nsubj
3	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 pigment	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pigment	det
6	pigment	pigment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derives	obl
7	obtained	obtain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 pigment	acl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 flowers	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 flowers	det
10	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 obtained	obl
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 which	case
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 feeds	obl
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 feeds	nsubj
14	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 flowers	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	derive	present	the blue		a pigment		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from pigment=Material
2	obtain	participle		a pigment not said here	the flowers		vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from flower=Source
3	feed	present	blue			upon the flowers	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The blue derives from microscopic structures that reflect blue light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 blue	det
2	blue	blue	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 derives	nsubj
3	derives	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 structures	case
5	microscopic	microscopic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 structures	amod
6	structures	structure	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 derives	obl
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 reflect	nsubj
8	reflect	reflect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 structures	acl:relcl
9	blue	blue	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 light	amod
10	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reflect	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	the blue			microscopic structures			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from structure=Material
2	reflect	present	microscopic structures	blue light					tree rules

Option 4

The blue is visible only by moonlight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 blue	det
2	blue	blue	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 visible	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 visible	cop
4	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	7 moonlight	advmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 moonlight	case
7	moonlight	moonlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 visible	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the blue					by moonlight; visible property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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