Exam question 2 · The penguin pool

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distribution of penguins and polar bears?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, distribute · To what, where: distribution, penguins

This is exam question 2 of lesson 99 «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 distribution	det
10	distribution	distribution	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 penguins	case
12	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 distribution	nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 bears	cc
14	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 bears	amod
15	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 penguins	conj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the distribution of penguins and polar bears	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	distribute		penguins and polar bears		nom distribution «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Both species inhabit the Arctic ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 inhabit	nsubj
3	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ice	det
5	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ice	amod
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inhabit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present	both species	the Arctic ice					tree rules

Option 2

Polar bears prey extensively upon penguins

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 bears	amod
2	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prey	compound
3	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	extensively	extensively	ADV	_	3 prey	advmod
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 penguins	case
6	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prey	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

Both species inhabit the Antarctic ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	2 species	det
2	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 inhabit	nsubj
3	inhabit	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ice	det
5	Antarctic	Antarctic	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 ice	compound
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 inhabit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present	both species	the Antarctic ice					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Penguins are confined almost wholly to the south and polar bears to the north

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 confined	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 confined	aux:pass
3	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	almost	almost	ADV	_	5 wholly	advmod
5	wholly	wholly	ADV	_	3 confined	advmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 south	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 south	det
8	south	south	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 confined	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 bears	cc
10	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 bears	amod
11	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 south	conj
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 north	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 north	det
14	north	north	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		Penguins		the south and polar bears		to the north; wholly property	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to south=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/e2/