Test 7 · ★★ · The penguin pool
A penguin swims over a dark sea and a seal looks up from below. Why is the penguin hard to see?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: penguin, seal · What happens: swim, look up, be, see · To what, where: dark sea
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 99 «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A penguin swims over a dark sea and a seal looks up from below.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 penguin | det |
| 2 | penguin | penguin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swims | nsubj |
| 3 | swims | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | over | over | ADP | _ | 7 sea | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 sea | det |
| 6 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sea | amod |
| 7 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swims | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 looks | cc |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 seal | det |
| 10 | seal | seal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 looks | nsubj |
| 11 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 swims | conj |
| 12 | up | up | ADV | _ | 11 looks | advmod |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 below | case |
| 14 | below | below | ADV | _ | 11 looks | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 swims | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | present | a penguin | a dark sea | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | look up | present | a seal | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from below=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Why is the penguin hard to see?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 hard | advmod |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hard | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 penguin | det |
| 4 | penguin | penguin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hard | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 see | mark |
| 7 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 hard | xcomp |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 hard | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the penguin obl:unmarked; hard property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
The options
Option 1
Its black belly hides it against the dark water below
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 belly | nmod:poss |
| 2 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 belly | amod |
| 3 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hides | nsubj |
| 4 | hides | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 hides | obj |
| 6 | against | against | ADP | _ | 9 water | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 water | det |
| 8 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 water | amod |
| 9 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hides | obl |
| 10 | below | below | ADV | _ | 9 water | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hide | present | Its black belly | it | the dark water | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Patient against water=Location |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
It swims too deep to be seen
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 swims | nsubj |
| 2 | swims | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | too | too | ADV | _ | 4 deep | advmod |
| 4 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 swims | xcomp |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 seen | mark |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 seen | aux:pass |
| 7 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 swims | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | present | It | deep property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive · passive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V» |
Option 3
It turns see-through underwater
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 turns | nsubj |
| 2 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | see | see | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 through | amod |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 3 see | punct |
| 5 | through | thorough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 underwater | amod |
| 6 | underwater | underwater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 turns | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present | It | through underwater | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme underwater=Result |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Its white belly blends with the bright surface
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 belly | nmod:poss |
| 2 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 belly | amod |
| 3 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 blends | nsubj |
| 4 | blends | blend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 surface | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 surface | det |
| 7 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 surface | amod |
| 8 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 blends | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | blend | present | Its white belly | with the bright surface | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with surface=Co-Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/t7/