Exam question 4 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Tinder-Box: the flour trail, t…

Identify the hazard which the Mother-Toad, in her parting advice, expressly warned the smallest Toad to avoid.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, hazard · What happens: identify, warn, avoid · To what, where: hazard, smallest Toad

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1003 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Tinder-Box: the flour trail, the three dogs and the soldier's escape» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 hazard	det
3	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 warned	nsubj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Toad	det
6	Mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 Toad	nsubj
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 Toad	punct
8	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 warned	nsubj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 advice	punct
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 advice	case
11	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 advice	nmod:poss
12	parting	parting	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 advice	compound
13	advice	advice	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 warned	nsubj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 advice	punct
15	expressly	expressly	ADV	_	16 warned	advmod
16	warned	warn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 hazard	acl:relcl
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Toad	det
18	smallest	small	ADJ	Degree=Sup	19 Toad	amod
19	Toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 warned	obj
20	to	to	PART	_	21 avoid	mark
21	avoid	avoid	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 Toad	acl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the hazard			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent hazard=Theme
2	warn speech: warn	past	the hazard		the smallest Toad	expressly property	vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent toad=Recipient
3	avoid	to-infinitive	the hazard not said here				vn avoid-52 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The bucket, which might crush her or throw her out if she were carelessly placed within it

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bucket	det
2	bucket	bucket	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 crush	punct
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 crush	nsubj
5	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 crush	aux
6	crush	crush	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 bucket	acl:relcl
7	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 crush	obj
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 throw	cc
9	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 crush	conj
10	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 throw	obj
11	out	out	ADP	_	9 throw	compound:prt
12	if	if	SCONJ	_	16 placed	mark
13	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 placed	nsubj
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 placed	aux:pass
15	carelessly	carelessly	ADV	_	16 placed	advmod
16	placed	place	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 throw	advcl
17	within	within	ADP	_	18 it	case
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 placed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	crush	might	the bucket	her = she		vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient
2	throw out	infinitive	the bucket not said here	her = she		vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme
3	place a condition, not said to happen	past · passive		she	within bucket; carelessly property	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

The frogs in the well who would bite her and the bucket that might drop on her head at any moment in the dark

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 frogs	det
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 well	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 well	det
5	well	well	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 frogs	nmod
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 bite	nsubj
7	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 bite	aux
8	bite	bite	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 well	acl:relcl
9	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 bite	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 bucket	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bucket	det
12	bucket	bucket	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 frogs	conj
13	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 drop	nsubj
14	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 drop	aux
15	drop	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 bucket	acl:relcl
16	on	on	ADP	_	18 head	case
17	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 head	nmod:poss
18	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 drop	obl
19	at	at	ADP	_	21 moment	case
20	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	21 moment	det
21	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 drop	obl
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 dark	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 dark	det
24	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 drop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bite	would	the well	her = she					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient
2	drop	might	the bucket			her head	moment	in the dark	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent on head=Destination in dark=Initial_Location

Option 3

The bucket that hangs above the well, which could crush her, throw her out, or trap her inside it if she were careless

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bucket	det
2	bucket	bucket	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 trap	nsubj
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 hangs	nsubj
4	hangs	hang	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 bucket	acl:relcl
5	above	above	ADP	_	7 well	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 well	det
7	well	well	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hangs	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 crush	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 crush	nsubj
10	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 crush	aux
11	crush	crush	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 well	acl:relcl
12	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 crush	obj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 throw	punct
14	throw	throw	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 crush	conj
15	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 throw	obj
16	out	out	ADP	_	14 throw	compound:prt
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 trap	punct
18	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 trap	cc
19	trap	trap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
20	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 trap	obj
21	inside	inside	ADP	_	22 it	case
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 trap	obl
23	if	if	SCONJ	_	26 careless	mark
24	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 careless	nsubj
25	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 careless	cop
26	careless	careless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 trap	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	hang	present	the bucket		the well		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above well=Location
2	crush	could	the well	her = she			vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient
3	throw out	infinitive	the well not said here	her = she			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme
4	trap	infinitive	the bucket	her = she	well		vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient
5	is a condition, not said to happen	past	she			careless property	tree rules

Option 4

The rope that lowers the bucket, which might snap and drop her hard into deep water

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 rope	det
2	rope	rope	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 lowers	nsubj
4	lowers	lower	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rope	acl:relcl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bucket	det
6	bucket	bucket	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 lowers	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 snap	punct
8	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 snap	nsubj
9	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 snap	aux
10	snap	snap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 bucket	acl:relcl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 drop	cc
12	drop	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 snap	conj
13	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 drop	obj
14	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 drop	advmod
15	into	into	ADP	_	17 water	case
16	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 water	amod
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 drop	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lower	present	the rope	the bucket			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bucket=Theme
2	snap	might	the bucket				vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	drop	infinitive	the bucket not said here	her = she	deep water	hard property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme into water=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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