Exam question 3 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Travelling Companion, part 219…

State the condition by which a suitor might obtain the princess's hand in marriage, and the penalty imposed upon one who failed.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, suitor, penalty · What happens: state, obtain, impose, fail · To what, where: condition, hand, marriage

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1008 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Travelling Companion, part 219: John meets the princess and sees the garden of dead suitors» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 condition	det
3	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 obtain	obl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 suitor	det
7	suitor	suitor	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 obtain	nsubj
8	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 obtain	aux
9	obtain	obtain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 condition	acl:relcl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 princess	det
11	princess	princess	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 hand	nmod:poss
12	's	's	PART	_	11 princess	case
13	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 obtain	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 marriage	case
15	marriage	marriage	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 obtain	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 imposed	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 imposed	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 penalty	det
19	penalty	penalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 imposed	nsubj
20	imposed	impose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 obtain	conj
21	upon	upon	ADP	_	22 one	case
22	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	24 failed	obl
23	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	24 failed	nsubj
24	failed	fail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 imposed	ccomp
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the condition			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent condition=Topic
2	obtain	might	a suitor	the princess's hand	marriage	by the condition	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hand=Theme
3	impose	participle	the penalty				vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	fail	past				upon one	vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He must answer three riddles set by the king's council, and failure meant being sent into exile forever

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 answer	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 answer	aux
3	answer	answer	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 riddles	nummod
5	riddles	riddle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 answer	obj
6	set	set	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 riddles	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	11 council	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 king	det
9	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 council	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 king	case
11	council	council	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 set	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 meant	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 meant	cc
14	failure	failure	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 meant	nsubj
15	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 answer	advcl
16	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 sent	aux:pass
17	sent	send	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 meant	ccomp
18	into	into	ADP	_	19 exile	case
19	exile	exile	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 sent	obl
20	forever	forever	ADV	_	17 sent	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	answer speech: assert	must	He	three riddles			vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent riddle=Eventuality
2	set	participle		three riddles not said here		by the king's council	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by council=Destination
3	mean	past	failure				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	send	gerund · passive			exile	forever property	vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He must guess three things she had thought of, and failure meant being hanged or beheaded

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 guess	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 guess	aux
3	guess	guess	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 things	nummod
5	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 guess	obj
6	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 thought	nsubj
7	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 thought	aux
8	thought	think	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	5 things	acl:relcl
9	of	of	ADP	_	8 thought	compound:prt
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 meant	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 meant	cc
12	failure	failure	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 meant	nsubj
13	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 guess	advcl
14	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 hanged	aux:pass
15	hanged	hange	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 meant	ccomp
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 beheaded	cc
17	beheaded	behead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 hanged	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	guess	must	He	three things	vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
2	think of speech: other	past · perfect	she	three things not said here	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme
3	mean	past	failure		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	hange	gerund · passive			tree rules
5	behead	participle			vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

He must guess three of her private thoughts within the set time, and those who failed to guess correctly were executed at dawn in the great courtyard before the royal family

The tree, 31 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 guess	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 guess	aux
3	guess	guess	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 guess	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 thoughts	case
6	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 thoughts	nmod:poss
7	private	private	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 thoughts	amod
8	thoughts	thought	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 three	nmod
9	within	within	ADP	_	12 time	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 time	det
11	set	set	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 time	compound
12	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guess	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 executed	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 executed	cc
15	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	22 executed	nsubj:pass
16	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	17 failed	nsubj
17	failed	fail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 those	acl:relcl
18	to	to	PART	_	19 guess	mark
19	guess	guess	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 failed	xcomp
20	correctly	correctly	ADV	_	19 guess	advmod
21	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 executed	aux:pass
22	executed	execute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 guess	conj
23	at	at	ADP	_	24 dawn	case
24	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 executed	obl
25	in	in	ADP	_	28 courtyard	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 courtyard	det
27	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 courtyard	amod
28	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 dawn	nmod
29	before	before	ADP	_	32 family	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 family	det
31	royal	royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 family	amod
32	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 executed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	guess	must	He	three of her private thoughts	time		vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent three=Theme
2	fail	past					vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	not guess	to-infinitive				correctly property	vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	execute	past · passive		those	before the royal family; dawn		vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
5	think		her = she				nom thought «cognition transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

He must guess the thoughts of her royal guards, and failure meant being thrown into the cold dungeon below

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 guess	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 guess	aux
3	guess	guess	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 thoughts	det
5	thoughts	thought	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 thrown	nsubj:pass
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 guards	case
7	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 guards	nmod:poss
8	royal	royal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 guards	amod
9	guards	guard	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 thoughts	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 meant	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 meant	cc
12	failure	failure	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 meant	nsubj
13	meant	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 thrown	aux:pass
14	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 thrown	aux:pass
15	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 guess	ccomp
16	into	into	ADP	_	19 dungeon	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 dungeon	det
18	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 dungeon	amod
19	dungeon	dungeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 thrown	obl
20	below	below	ADV	_	15 thrown	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	guess	must	He			vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	throw	past · passive		the thoughts of her royal guards	into the cold dungeon result; below property	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Theme into dungeon=Result
3	think			her royal guards		nom thought «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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