Exam question 3 · Grimm's Fairy Tales, Oh, If I Could But Shiver!, part 1: a…

What was the nature of the sexton's injury following the incident in the belfry?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: nature, injury, sexton · What happens: be, follow, injure · To what, where: incident, belfry

This is exam question 3 of lesson 102 «Grimm's Fairy Tales, Oh, If I Could But Shiver!, part 1: a simple boy is sent to learn shivering and throws a ghost down the stairs» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 nature	det
4	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 injury	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sexton	det
7	sexton	sexton	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 injury	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 sexton	case
9	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 nature	nmod
10	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 injury	acl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 incident	det
12	incident	incident	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 following	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 belfry	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 belfry	det
15	belfry	belfry	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 following	obl
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a	past	the nature of the sexton's injury			tree rules
2	follow	gerund	the sexton's injury not said here	the incident	the belfry	vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent incident=Theme in belfry=Trajectory
3	injure		the sexton			nom injury «state transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A severely fractured rib, sustained when the frightened boy threw him down the stairs in the tower

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 rib	det
2	severely	severely	ADV	_	3 fractured	advmod
3	fractured	fracture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 rib	amod
4	rib	rib	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 threw	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 sustained	punct
6	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 threw	advcl
7	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	11 threw	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 boy	det
9	frightened	frighten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 boy	amod
10	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 threw	nsubj
11	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 threw	obj
13	down	down	ADP	_	11 threw	compound:prt
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 stairs	det
15	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 threw	obj
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 tower	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 tower	det
18	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 threw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	fracture	participle					severely property	vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	sustain	participle	a fractured rib not said here					vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent
3	frighten	participle						vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	throw down	past	a fractured rib	the stairs	boy	the tower		vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination stair=Theme

Option 2

A bruised shoulder, caused when the boy pushed him over

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 shoulder	det
2	bruised	bruise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 shoulder	amod
3	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 caused	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 shoulder	punct
5	caused	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 pushed	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 boy	det
8	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pushed	nsubj
9	pushed	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 caused	ccomp
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 pushed	obj
11	over	over	ADP	_	9 pushed	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	bruise	participle			vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
2	cause	past	a bruised shoulder		tree rules
3	push over	past	the boy	shoulder	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A fractured rib, sustained when the boy threw him down the stairs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 rib	det
2	fractured	fracture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 rib	amod
3	rib	rib	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 threw	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 sustained	punct
5	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 threw	advcl
6	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	9 threw	advmod
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 boy	det
8	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 threw	nsubj
9	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 threw	obj
11	down	down	ADP	_	9 threw	compound:prt
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 stairs	det
13	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 threw	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	fracture	participle				vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	sustain	participle	a fractured rib not said here			vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent
3	throw down	past	a fractured rib	the stairs	boy	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination stair=Theme

Option 4

A fractured rib and a sprained ankle, sustained when the boy threw him down the long stone stairs of the tower

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 rib	det
2	fractured	fracture	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 rib	amod
3	rib	rib	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 threw	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 ankle	cc
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 ankle	det
6	sprained	sprain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 ankle	amod
7	ankle	ankle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rib	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 sustained	punct
9	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 threw	advcl
10	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 threw	advmod
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 boy	det
12	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 threw	nsubj
13	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 threw	obj
15	down	down	ADP	_	13 threw	compound:prt
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 stairs	det
17	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 stairs	amod
18	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 stairs	compound
19	stairs	stair	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 threw	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 tower	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 tower	det
22	tower	tower	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 stairs	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	fracture	participle				vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	sprain	participle				vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	sustain	participle	a fractured rib and a sprained ankle not said here			vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent
4	throw down	past	a fractured rib and a sprained ankle	the long stone stairs of the tower	boy	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination stair=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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