Test 12 · ★ · Grimm's Fairy Tales, Oh, If I Could But Shiver!, part 1: a…

Why'd the elder bro say he couldn't go past the graveyard?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: elder bro, bro · What happens: say, not go · To what, where: graveyard · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 102 «Grimm's Fairy Tales, Oh, If I Could But Shiver!, part 1: a simple boy is sent to learn shivering and throws a ghost down the stairs» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 say	advmod
2	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 say	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bro	det
4	elder	elder	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bro	amod
5	bro	bro	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 say	nsubj
6	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 go	advcl
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 go	nsubj
8	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 go	aux
9	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 go	advmod
10	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	past	past	ADP	_	13 graveyard	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 graveyard	det
13	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 go	obl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 go	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	would	the elder bro						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	not go	could	bro			the graveyard			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme past graveyard=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

cos the graves are full of ghosts at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	cos	cos	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 graves	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 graves	det
3	graves	grave	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 full	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 full	cop
5	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 ghosts	case
7	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 full	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 night	case
9	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 full	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cos	infinitive							tree rules
2	is	present	the cos graves				night	of ghosts; full property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

cos he was scared

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	cos	cos	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 scared	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 scared	cop
4	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 cos	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	he	cos not said here				scared property	tree rules

Option 3

cos he was lazy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	cos	cos	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 lazy	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 lazy	cop
4	lazy	lazy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 cos	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	he	cos not said here				lazy property	tree rules

Option 4

cos he heard the dead sexton calling out for him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	cos	cos	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 heard	nsubj
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 heard	nsubj
3	heard	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sexton	det
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sexton	amod
6	sexton	sexton	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 heard	obj
7	calling	call	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 heard	xcomp
8	out	out	ADP	_	7 calling	compound:prt
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 him	case
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 calling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hear	past	cos	the dead sexton					tree rules
2	call out speech: assert	gerund	the dead sexton not said here					for cos	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for he=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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