Exam question 3 · Indian Tales, The Younger Son of the Jackal, part 31: the…

State the principal grounds upon which the jackal sought to establish his claim to the greater portion.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: State principal grounds, jackal · What happens: seek, establish, claim · To what, where: claim

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1165 «Indian Tales, The Younger Son of the Jackal, part 31: the jackal cheats the sheep over the grain, and the greyhound is called in» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 grounds	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 grounds	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 grounds	amod
4	grounds	grounds	NOUN	Number=Ptan	9 sought	nsubj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 sought	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 jackal	det
8	jackal	jackal	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sought	nsubj
9	sought	seek	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	to	to	PART	_	11 establish	mark
11	establish	establish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 sought	xcomp
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 claim	nmod:poss
13	claim	claim	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 establish	obj
14	to	to	ADP	_	17 portion	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 portion	det
16	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 portion	amod
17	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 establish	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 sought	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	seek	past	the State principal grounds			tree rules
2	establish not said to happen	to-infinitive	the State principal grounds not said here	jackal's claim	to the greater portion	vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Patient
3	claim		jackal			nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

he claimed he had carried the water and the sheep had only watched

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 claimed	nsubj
2	claimed	claim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 carried	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 carried	aux
5	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 claimed	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 water	det
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carried	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 watched	cc
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sheep	det
10	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 watched	nsubj:pass
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 watched	aux
12	only	only	ADV	_	13 watched	advmod
13	watched	watch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 carried	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	claim speech: other	past	he		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	carry	past · perfect	he	the water	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
3	watch	past · perfect · passive		the sheep	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

he asserted that he had drawn the water and the sheep had merely poured it

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 asserted	nsubj
2	asserted	assert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 drawn	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 drawn	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 drawn	aux
6	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 asserted	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 drawn	obj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 poured	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sheep	det
11	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 poured	nsubj:pass
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 poured	aux
13	merely	merely	ADV	_	14 poured	advmod
14	poured	pour	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 asserted	conj
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 poured	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	assert	past	he			vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	draw	past · perfect	he	the water		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
3	pour	past · perfect · passive		the sheep	merely property	vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme it=Destination

Option 3

he claimed that he had drawn the water while the sheep slept in the shade, and that the field belonged entirely to him by right

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 claimed	nsubj
2	claimed	claim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 drawn	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 drawn	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 drawn	aux
6	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 claimed	ccomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 drawn	obj
9	while	while	SCONJ	_	12 slept	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sheep	det
11	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 slept	nsubj
12	slept	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 drawn	advcl
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 shade	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 shade	det
15	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 slept	obl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 belonged	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 belonged	cc
18	that	that	SCONJ	_	21 belonged	mark
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 field	det
20	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 belonged	nsubj
21	belonged	belong	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 claimed	conj
22	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	21 belonged	advmod
23	to	to	ADP	_	24 him	case
24	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 belonged	obl
25	by	by	ADP	_	26 right	case
26	right	right	ADV	_	21 belonged	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	claim speech: other	past	he					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	draw	past · perfect	he	the water				vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
3	sleep	past	the sheep			the shade		vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in shade=Location
4	belong	past	the field		him = he		entirely property	vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme

Option 4

he asserted that he had drawn the water, the sheep had merely poured it, and so he deserved the greater portion of all the grain

The tree, 25 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 asserted	nsubj
2	asserted	assert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 drawn	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 drawn	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 drawn	aux
6	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 asserted	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 drawn	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 poured	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sheep	det
11	sheep	sheep	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 poured	nsubj:pass
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 poured	aux
13	merely	merely	ADV	_	14 poured	advmod
14	poured	pour	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 drawn	conj
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 poured	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 deserved	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 deserved	cc
18	so	so	ADV	_	20 deserved	advmod
19	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 deserved	nsubj
20	deserved	deserve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 asserted	conj
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 portion	det
22	greater	great	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 portion	amod
23	portion	portion	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 deserved	obj
24	of	of	ADP	_	27 grain	case
25	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	27 grain	det:predet
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 grain	det
27	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 portion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	assert	past	he			vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	draw	past · perfect	he	the water		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
3	pour	past · perfect · passive		the sheep	merely property	vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme it=Destination
4	deserve	past	he	the greater portion of all grain		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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