Exam question 1 · Lapland Fairy Tales, Patto and the Stalos, part 59: Patto…

Which party severed the head of the ogre Stalo from his body?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: party · What happens: sever · To what, where: head, body

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1193 «Lapland Fairy Tales, Patto and the Stalos, part 59: Patto kills Stalo and the Sodnos rescue Lyma» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 party	det
2	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 severed	nsubj
3	severed	sever	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 head	det
5	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 severed	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 ogre	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 ogre	det
8	ogre	ogre	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 head	nmod
9	Stalo	Stalo	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 ogre	appos
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 body	case
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 body	nmod:poss
12	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 severed	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 severed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sever	past	which party	the head of the ogre		party's body			vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent head=Theme from body=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Patto, the captive who had been bound and hidden behind the door, who struck once with a heavy axe

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Patto	Patto	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 struck	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Patto	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 captive	det
4	captive	captive	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 struck	nsubj
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 bound	nsubj:pass
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 bound	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 bound	aux:pass
8	bound	bind	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 captive	acl:relcl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 hidden	cc
10	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 bound	conj
11	behind	behind	ADP	_	13 door	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 door	det
13	door	door	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hidden	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 struck	punct
15	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 struck	nsubj
16	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
17	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	16 struck	advmod
18	with	with	ADP	_	21 axe	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 axe	det
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 axe	amod
21	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 struck	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	bind	past · perfect · passive		the captive			vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	hide	participle			the door		vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind door=Location
3	strike	past	Patto			with a heavy axe; once property	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with axe=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Patto, the captive, who struck with an axe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Patto	Patto	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 struck	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 captive	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 captive	det
4	captive	captive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Patto	appos
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 struck	punct
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 struck	nsubj
7	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 axe	case
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 axe	det
10	axe	axe	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 struck	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	past	Patto					with a axe	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with axe=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The eldest Sodno brother, who came in from the yard and struck the ogre's neck with a long sword

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 brother	det
2	eldest	eld	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 brother	amod
3	Sodno	Sodno	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 brother	compound
4	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 came	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 came	punct
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 came	nsubj
7	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	in	in	ADV	_	7 came	advmod
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 yard	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 yard	det
11	yard	yard	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 came	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 struck	cc
13	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 came	conj
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ogre	det
15	ogre	ogre	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 neck	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 ogre	case
17	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 struck	obj
18	with	with	ADP	_	21 sword	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 sword	det
20	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 sword	amod
21	sword	sword	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 struck	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come in	past	the eldest Sodno brother					from the yard	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from yard=Initial_Location
2	strike	past	the eldest Sodno brother not said here	the ogre's neck				with a long sword	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent neck=Patient with sword=Instrument

Option 4

Patto the servant, who struck with a club

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Patto	Patto	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 servant	compound
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 servant	det
3	servant	servant	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 struck	nsubj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 struck	punct
5	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 struck	nsubj
6	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 club	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 club	det
9	club	club	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 struck	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	past	the Patto servant					with a club	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with club=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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