Exam question 2 · Indian Tales, Tale of a Tortoise and of a Mischievous Monk…

What is the principal reason given by the peris for the transformation of Wali Dâd's circumstances?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be, give, transform · To what, where: principal reason, circumstances

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1258 «Indian Tales, Tale of a Tortoise and of a Mischievous Monkey, part 59: the clever tortoise tricks an elephant and a whale into a tug-of-war» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 reason	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reason	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 reason	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 peris	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 peris	det
9	peris	peris	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 given	obl
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 transformation	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 transformation	det
12	transformation	transformation	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 given	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	17 circumstances	case
14	Wali	Wali	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Dâd	compound
15	Dâd	Dâd	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 circumstances	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 Dâd	case
17	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 transformation	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 reason	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the principal reason		tree rules
2	give	participle	the principal reason not said here	by the peris; for the transformation of Wali Dâd's circumstances	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for transformation=Asset
3	transform		Wali Dâd's circumstances		nom transformation «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He pleased the peris with his humble prayers.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 peris	nsubj
2	pleased	pleased	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 peris	amod
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 peris	det
4	peris	peris	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 prayers	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 prayers	nmod:poss
7	humble	humble	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 prayers	amod
8	prayers	prayer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 peris	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 peris	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pray		his = he						nom prayer «act intransitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The simple-hearted are rewarded by divine benevolence.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 rewarded	det
2	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hearted	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 simple	punct
4	hearted	heart	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 rewarded	amod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rewarded	aux:pass
6	rewarded	reward	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 benevolence	case
8	divine	divine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 benevolence	amod
9	benevolence	benevolence	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rewarded	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 rewarded	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	heart	participle							tree rules
2	reward	present · passive	divine benevolence						vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Divine favour fell upon him for his patience.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Divine	divine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 favour	amod
2	favour	favour	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fell	nsubj
3	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 him	case
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fell	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 patience	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 patience	nmod:poss
8	patience	patience	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 fell	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 fell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	past	Divine favour					upon him = he; for favour's patience	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon he=Location

Option 4

Kindness brings him wealth.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	nsubj
2	brings	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 brings	iobj
4	wealth	wealth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 brings	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 brings	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	present	Kindness	wealth	him = he				vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination wealth=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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