Exam question 2 · Aesop's Fables, The Dog and the Cook, part 8: a dog is thr…
Upon what grounds did the Fox decline to enter the cave of the aged Lion?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: ground, do, enter · To what, where: Fox decline, cave
This is exam question 2 of lesson 138 «Aesop's Fables, The Dog and the Cook, part 8: a dog is thrown out of a feast, a vain Monkey is trapped, and more short fables» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 3 grounds | mark |
| 2 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 grounds | nsubj |
| 3 | grounds | ground | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 grounds | ccomp |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 decline | det |
| 6 | Fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 decline | compound |
| 7 | decline | decline | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 did | obj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 enter | mark |
| 9 | enter | enter | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 decline | acl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 cave | det |
| 11 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 enter | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Lion | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Lion | det |
| 14 | aged | aged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 Lion | amod |
| 15 | Lion | Lion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 cave | nmod |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 grounds | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ground | present | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | do | past | the Fox decline | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decline=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | enter | to-infinitive | the cave of the aged Lion | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cave=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
He saw that the Lion was sick and old, so he decided it was too dangerous to go into the cave anyway
The tree, 22 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 sick | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Lion | det |
| 5 | Lion | Lion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 sick | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 sick | cop |
| 7 | sick | sick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 saw | ccomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 old | cc |
| 9 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sick | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 decided | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 decided | advmod |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 decided | nsubj |
| 13 | decided | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 saw | conj |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 dangerous | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 dangerous | cop |
| 16 | too | too | ADV | _ | 17 dangerous | advmod |
| 17 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 decided | ccomp |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 go | mark |
| 19 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 dangerous | csubj |
| 20 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 cave | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 cave | det |
| 22 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 go | obl |
| 23 | anyway | anyway | ADV | _ | 19 go | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | He | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | the Lion | sick property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | the Lion not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | decide | past | Lion | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | past | it | dangerous property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | go | to-infinitive | the cave | anyway property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into cave=Initial_Location |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
He observed that all the footprints pointed towards the cave
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 observed | nsubj |
| 2 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 pointed | mark |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 footprints | det:predet |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 footprints | det |
| 6 | footprints | footprint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pointed | nsubj |
| 7 | pointed | point | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 observed | ccomp |
| 8 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 10 cave | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 cave | det |
| 10 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pointed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | observe | past | He | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | point | past | all footprints | towards the cave | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards cave=Recipient |
Option 3
He noticed that all the footprints pointed towards the cave and none came back out again
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 noticed | nsubj |
| 2 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 pointed | mark |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 footprints | det:predet |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 footprints | det |
| 6 | footprints | footprint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pointed | nsubj |
| 7 | pointed | point | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 noticed | ccomp |
| 8 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 10 cave | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 cave | det |
| 10 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 pointed | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 came | cc |
| 12 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 13 came | nsubj |
| 13 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 noticed | conj |
| 14 | back | back | ADV | _ | 13 came | advmod |
| 15 | out | out | ADV | _ | 13 came | advmod |
| 16 | again | again | ADV | _ | 13 came | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | notice | past | He | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | point | past | all footprints | towards the cave | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent towards cave=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | come back | past | none | again | out property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
He heard the Lion growling inside
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Lion | det |
| 4 | Lion | Lion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obj |
| 5 | growling | growl | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 heard | advcl |
| 6 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 5 growling | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | He | the Lion | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer lion=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | growl | gerund | He not said here | inside property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/138-pg11339-part8/e2/