Exam question 1 · Aesop's Fables, The Quack Frog, part 9: a run of short ani…

Identify the moral conveyed by the fable in which the Peasant spares the Apple-tree, and state why its usefulness changes his decision.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, Peasant, usefulness · What happens: identify, convey, spare, change, decide · To what, where: moral, Apple tree, fable, decision

This is exam question 1 of lesson 139 «Aesop's Fables, The Quack Frog, part 9: a run of short animal tales, each ending with a lesson» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 moral	det
3	moral	moral	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	conveyed	convey	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 moral	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 fable	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 fable	det
7	fable	fable	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 conveyed	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 spares	obl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Peasant	det
11	Peasant	peasant	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 spares	nsubj
12	spares	spare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 fable	acl:relcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 tree	det
14	Apple	Apple	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 tree	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 Apple	punct
16	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 spares	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 state	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 state	cc
19	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
20	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	23 changes	advmod
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 usefulness	nmod:poss
22	usefulness	usefulness	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 changes	nsubj
23	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	advcl
24	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 decision	nmod:poss
25	decision	decision	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 changes	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the moral		state obl	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent moral=Theme
2	convey	participle		the moral not said here		by the fable	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	spare	present	the Peasant	the Apple tree	the fable		vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: agent=Agent tree=Asset
4	change	present	Peasant's usefulness	usefulness's decision			vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decision=Patient
5	decide		usefulness				nom decision «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The worth of a thing lies in its shade, which the Peasant valued until he saw the bees and honey inside.

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 worth	det
2	worth	worth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 thing	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 thing	det
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 worth	nmod
6	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 shade	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 shade	nmod:poss
9	shade	shade	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 valued	punct
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 valued	obj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Peasant	det
13	Peasant	Peasant	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 valued	nsubj
14	valued	value	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 shade	acl:relcl
15	until	until	SCONJ	_	17 saw	mark
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 saw	nsubj
17	saw	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 valued	advcl
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 bees	det
19	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 saw	obj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 honey	cc
21	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 bees	conj
22	inside	inside	ADV	_	21 honey	advmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 lies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	lie	present	the worth of a thing		worth's shade	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shade=Location
2	value	past	the Peasant	worth's shade		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus
3	see	past	Peasant	the bees and honey		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bee=Stimulus
4	shade		worth			nom shade «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Appearance should guide what we keep and cut, as the tree looked barren.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Appearance	appearance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 guide	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 guide	aux
3	guide	guide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 keep	obj
5	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 keep	nsubj
6	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 guide	ccomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 cut	cc
8	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 keep	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 looked	punct
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	13 looked	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 tree	det
12	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 looked	nsubj
13	looked	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 cut	advcl
14	barren	barren	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 looked	xcomp
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 guide	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	guide	should	Appearance		tree rules
2	keep	present	we		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme
3	cut	present	we not said here		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
4	look	past	the tree	barren property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The worth of a thing lies in its usefulness, which was revealed by the honey

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 worth	det
2	worth	worth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 thing	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 thing	det
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 worth	nmod
6	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 usefulness	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 usefulness	nmod:poss
9	usefulness	usefulness	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 revealed	punct
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 revealed	nsubj:pass
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 revealed	aux:pass
13	revealed	reveal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 usefulness	acl:relcl
14	by	by	ADP	_	16 honey	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 honey	det
16	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 revealed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	present	the worth of a thing			worth's usefulness			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in usefulness=Location
2	reveal	past · passive		worth's usefulness				by the honey	vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 4

The worth of a thing lies in its beauty, which the Peasant admired until he cut into the trunk and found the honey and the bees.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 worth	det
2	worth	worth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 thing	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 thing	det
5	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 worth	nmod
6	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 beauty	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 beauty	nmod:poss
9	beauty	beauty	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 admired	punct
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 admired	obj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Peasant	det
13	Peasant	Peasant	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 admired	nsubj
14	admired	admire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 beauty	acl:relcl
15	until	until	SCONJ	_	17 cut	mark
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 cut	nsubj
17	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 admired	advcl
18	into	into	ADP	_	20 trunk	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 trunk	det
20	trunk	trunk	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 cut	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 found	cc
22	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 cut	conj
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 honey	det
24	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 found	obj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 bees	cc
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 bees	det
27	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 honey	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 lies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lie	present	the worth of a thing		worth's beauty		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in beauty=Location
2	admire	past	the Peasant	worth's beauty			vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer which=Stimulus
3	cut	past	Peasant			into the trunk	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into trunk=Patient
4	find	past	Peasant not said here	the honey and the bees			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent honey=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/139-pg11339-part9/e1/