Exam question 2 · Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Boar and other fables, pa…

Which of the following most accurately describes the reasoning of the Sea in response to the shipwrecked Man?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Sea · What happens: follow, describe, shipwreck, reason · To what, where: reasoning, response

This is exam question 2 of lesson 140 «Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Boar and other fables, part 10: animals and a Man quarrel, learn small lessons and get their comeuppance» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	6 accurately	advmod
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	7 describes	advmod
7	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 following	advcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 reasoning	det
9	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 describes	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 Sea	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Sea	det
12	Sea	Sea	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 reasoning	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 response	case
14	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 reasoning	nmod
15	to	to	ADP	_	18 Man	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 Man	det
17	shipwrecked	shipwreck	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 Man	amod
18	Man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 response	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the reasoning of the Sea	response to the shipwrecked Man	accurately property	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reasoning=Theme
3	shipwreck	participle					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	reason		the Sea		response to the shipwrecked Man		nom reasoning «cognition intransitive»: of=agent in=place

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It attributed the calm to the Winds ceasing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 attributed	nsubj
2	attributed	attribute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 calm	det
4	calm	calm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 attributed	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 Winds	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Winds	det
7	Winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attributed	obl
8	ceasing	cease	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 attributed	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attribute	past	It	the calm				to the Winds	tree rules
2	cease	gerund							vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It attributed the storms to the Winds, which had lashed it into fury, and claimed it was innocent of any treachery toward the sailors

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 attributed	nsubj
2	attributed	attribute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 storms	det
4	storms	storm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attributed	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 Winds	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Winds	det
7	Winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attributed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 lashed	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 lashed	nsubj:pass
10	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 lashed	aux
11	lashed	lash	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 Winds	acl:relcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 lashed	obj
13	into	into	ADP	_	14 fury	case
14	fury	fury	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 lashed	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 claimed	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 claimed	cc
17	claimed	claim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 attributed	conj
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 innocent	nsubj
19	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 innocent	cop
20	innocent	innocent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 claimed	ccomp
21	of	of	ADP	_	23 treachery	case
22	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	23 treachery	det
23	treachery	treachery	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 innocent	obl
24	toward	toward	ADP	_	26 sailors	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 sailors	det
26	sailors	sailor	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 claimed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	attribute	past	It	the storms		to the Winds	tree rules
2	lash	past · perfect · passive		the Winds	fury		vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient it=Result
3	claim speech: other	past				toward the sailors	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is	past	fury			of any treachery; innocent property	tree rules

Option 3

It attributed the wreck to the Man's own foolishness in sailing so far out, and refused to accept any responsibility for the storm at all

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 attributed	nsubj
2	attributed	attribute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 wreck	det
4	wreck	wreck	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attributed	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	10 foolishness	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Man	det
7	Man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 foolishness	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Man	case
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 foolishness	amod
10	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attributed	obl
11	in	in	SCONJ	_	12 sailing	mark
12	sailing	sail	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 attributed	advcl
13	so	so	ADV	_	15 out	advmod
14	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	15 out	advmod
15	out	out	ADV	_	12 sailing	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 refused	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 refused	cc
18	refused	refuse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 attributed	conj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 accept	mark
20	accept	accept	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 refused	xcomp
21	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	22 responsibility	det
22	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 accept	obj
23	for	for	ADP	_	25 storm	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 storm	det
25	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 responsibility	nmod
26	at	at	ADP	_	27 all	case
27	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	20 accept	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	attribute	past	It	the wreck		to the Man's own foolishness	tree rules
2	sail	gerund				out property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
3	refuse	past					vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	not accept	to-infinitive		any responsibility	all	for the storm	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent responsibility=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It attributed the storms to the Winds acting upon it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 attributed	nsubj
2	attributed	attribute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 storms	det
4	storms	storm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attributed	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 Winds	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Winds	det
7	Winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attributed	obl
8	acting	act	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 attributed	advcl
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	10 it	case
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 acting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attribute	past	It	the storms				to the Winds	tree rules
2	act	gerund						upon it	vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/140-pg11339-part10/e2/