Exam question 4 · Blue Fairy Book, Perseus: the Terrible Head turns the wick…

Which of the following describes the fate of the monstrous sea creature?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, describe, fate · To what, where: fate, monstrous sea creature

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1458 «Blue Fairy Book, Perseus: the Terrible Head turns the wicked King to stone» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 describes	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 describes	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 describes	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 describes	nsubj
5	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 fate	det
7	fate	fate	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 describes	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	12 creature	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 creature	det
10	monstrous	monstrous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 creature	amod
11	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 creature	compound
12	creature	creature	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fate	nmod
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	follow	gerund		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present	the fate of the monstrous sea creature	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent fate=Theme
3	fate		the monstrous sea creature	nom fate «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It sank beneath the waves at dusk

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sank	nsubj
2	sank	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	5 waves	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 waves	det
5	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sank	obl
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 dusk	case
7	dusk	dusk	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sank	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	past	It				dusk	beneath the waves	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It was turned to stone upon the coast

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turned	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 turned	aux:pass
3	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 stone	case
5	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 coast	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 coast	det
8	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past · passive		It		stone		upon the coast	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: subject=Theme to stone=Source upon coast=Trajectory

Option 3

It was turned to stone upon the coast by the Terrible Head at the moment it was shown

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turned	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 turned	aux:pass
3	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 stone	case
5	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 coast	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 coast	det
8	coast	coast	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	12 Head	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Head	det
11	Terrible	terrible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 Head	amod
12	Head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
13	at	at	ADP	_	15 moment	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 moment	det
15	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 shown	nsubj:pass
17	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 shown	aux:pass
18	shown	show	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 moment	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past · passive	the Terrible Head	It		stone	moment	upon the coast	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to stone=Source upon coast=Trajectory
2	show	past · passive	the moment not said here	Head					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Option 4

It was turned into a rock on the beach beside the chained girl when the hero raised his shield

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turned	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 turned	aux:pass
3	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 rock	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 rock	det
6	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 beach	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 beach	det
9	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
10	beside	beside	ADP	_	13 girl	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 girl	det
12	chained	chain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 girl	amod
13	girl	girl	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
14	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	17 raised	advmod
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 hero	det
16	hero	hero	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 raised	nsubj
17	raised	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 turned	advcl
18	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 shield	nmod:poss
19	shield	shield	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 raised	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	turn	past · passive		It	a rock	on the beach; beside the chained girl	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.agent V NP.theme PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: subject=Theme into rock=Source on beach=Trajectory beside girl=Destination
2	chain	participle					vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	raise	past	the hero	hero's shield			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shield=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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