Exam question 1 · Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine, part 18: beasts are…

Which fable's moral, expressed in the proper form, concerns the ingratitude of a creature that betrays its protector, and by what means is that creature dispatched?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: moral, creature · What happens: express, concern, betray, mean, dispatch · To what, where: moral, proper form, ingratitude, protector, creature · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 148 «Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine, part 18: beasts are tricked, shot, or betrayed, and each fable teaches a lesson» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 fable	det
2	fable	fable	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 moral	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 fable	case
4	moral	moral	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerns	nsubj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 expressed	punct
6	expressed	express	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 moral	acl
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 form	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 form	det
9	proper	proper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 form	amod
10	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 expressed	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 moral	punct
12	concerns	concern	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ingratitude	det
14	ingratitude	ingratitude	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerns	obj
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 creature	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 creature	det
17	creature	creature	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ingratitude	nmod
18	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 betrays	nsubj
19	betrays	betray	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 creature	acl:relcl
20	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 protector	nmod:poss
21	protector	protector	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 betrays	obj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 means	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 means	cc
24	by	by	ADP	_	25 what	case
25	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	26 means	nsubj
26	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 concerns	parataxis
27	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 dispatched	aux
28	that	that	SCONJ	_	30 dispatched	mark
29	creature	creature	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 dispatched	nsubj:pass
30	dispatched	dispatch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 means	ccomp
31	?	?	PUNCT	_	12 concerns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	express	participle		which fable's moral not said here	the proper form	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	concern	present	which fable's moral	the ingratitude of a creature		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ingratitude=Experiencer
3	betray	present	a creature	moral's protector		tree rules
4	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	dispatch	present · passive		creature		vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

An arrow shot at random into the foliage pierced the Stag to the heart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 shot	det
2	arrow	arrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shot	compound
3	shot	shot	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pierced	nsubj
4	at	at	ADP	_	5 random	case
5	random	random	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shot	nmod
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 foliage	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 foliage	det
8	foliage	foliage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shot	nmod
9	pierced	pierce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Stag	det
11	Stag	stag	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pierced	obj
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 heart	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 heart	det
14	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pierced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pierce	past	a arrow shot at random into the foliage	the Stag				to the heart	vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stag=Patient

Option 2

An arrow was shot into the thick foliage by a hunter who could not see, and it pierced the Stag in the side as he stood beneath the vine

The tree, 29 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 arrow	det
2	arrow	arrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shot	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 shot	aux:pass
4	shot	shoot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	into	into	ADP	_	8 foliage	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 foliage	det
7	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 foliage	amod
8	foliage	foliage	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shot	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 hunter	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 hunter	det
11	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shot	obl
12	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 see	nsubj
13	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 see	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 see	advmod
15	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 hunter	acl:relcl
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 pierced	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 pierced	cc
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 pierced	nsubj
19	pierced	pierce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 shot	conj
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 Stag	det
21	Stag	Stag	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 pierced	obj
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 side	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 side	det
24	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 pierced	obl
25	as	as	SCONJ	_	27 stood	mark
26	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 stood	nsubj
27	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 pierced	advcl
28	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	30 vine	case
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 vine	det
30	vine	vine	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 stood	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	shoot	past · passive	a hunter	a arrow	the thick foliage	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent subject=Theme into foliage=Destination
2	not see	could	a hunter			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	pierce	past	arrow	the Stag	the side	vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent stag=Instrument
4	stand	past	he		the vine	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath vine=Location

Option 3

The Stag was caught by hunters who followed the trail of leaves through the vine and the thick undergrowth

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Stag	det
2	Stag	Stag	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 caught	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 caught	aux:pass
4	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 hunters	case
6	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 caught	obl
7	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 followed	nsubj
8	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 hunters	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 trail	det
10	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 followed	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 leaves	case
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 trail	nmod
13	through	through	ADP	_	15 vine	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 vine	det
15	vine	vine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 caught	obl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 undergrowth	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 undergrowth	det
18	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 undergrowth	amod
19	undergrowth	undergrowth	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 vine	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	past · passive	hunters	the Stag		the vine and the thick undergrowth			vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	follow	past	hunters	the trail of leaves					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme

Option 4

A hound found the Stag hidden in the thicket and dragged him from the bushes out onto the open path

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hound	det
2	hound	hound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	nsubj
3	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Stag	det
5	Stag	stag	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 found	obj
6	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 Stag	acl
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 thicket	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 thicket	det
9	thicket	thicket	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hidden	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 dragged	cc
11	dragged	drag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 found	conj
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 dragged	obj
13	from	from	ADP	_	15 bushes	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 bushes	det
15	bushes	bush	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 dragged	obl
16	out	out	ADV	_	11 dragged	advmod
17	onto	onto	ADP	_	20 path	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 path	det
19	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 path	amod
20	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dragged	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	find	past	a hound	the Stag			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stag=Topic
2	hide	participle		the Stag not said here	the thicket		vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in thicket=Location
3	drag	past	a hound not said here	hound	the bushes	onto the open path; out property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent he=Theme from bush=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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