Exam question 2 · Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine, part 18: beasts are…
In the fable of the Ass and the Mule, what was the fate of the Ass, and which party bore the additional burden thereafter?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ass, party · What happens: be, bear · To what, where: fate, additional burden, fable
This is exam question 2 of lesson 148 «Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine, part 18: beasts are tricked, shot, or betrayed, and each fable teaches a lesson» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 fable | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 fable | det |
| 3 | fable | fable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bore | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Ass | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Ass | det |
| 6 | Ass | ass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fable | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Mule | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Mule | det |
| 9 | Mule | mule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Ass | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 fate | punct |
| 11 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 14 fate | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 fate | cop |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 fate | det |
| 14 | fate | fate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Ass | conj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Ass | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Ass | det |
| 17 | Ass | ass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 fate | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 bore | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 bore | cc |
| 20 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 21 party | det |
| 21 | party | party | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bore | nsubj |
| 22 | bore | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 burden | det |
| 24 | additional | additional | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 burden | amod |
| 25 | burden | burden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bore | obj |
| 26 | thereafter | thereafter | ADV | _ | 22 bore | advmod |
| 27 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 22 bore | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the Ass and the Mule and the fate | the fate | of the Ass | tree rules | |||
| 2 | bear | past | which party | the additional burden | the fable of the Ass and the Mule and the fate | thereafter property | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent burden=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
The Ass drowned in the river, and the Driver led the Mule home
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Ass | det |
| 2 | Ass | Ass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 drowned | nsubj |
| 3 | drowned | drown | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 river | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 river | det |
| 6 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drowned | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 led | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 led | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Driver | det |
| 10 | Driver | Driver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 led | nsubj |
| 11 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 drowned | conj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 home | det |
| 13 | Mule | Mule | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 home | compound |
| 14 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 led | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drown | past | the Ass | the river | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | lead | past | the Driver | the Mule home | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Theme |
Option 2
The Ass was sold at market, and the Mule was sold with him
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Ass | det |
| 2 | Ass | Ass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 sold | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sold | aux:pass |
| 4 | sold | sell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 market | case |
| 6 | market | market | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sold | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 sold | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 sold | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Mule | det |
| 10 | Mule | Mule | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 sold | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 sold | aux:pass |
| 12 | sold | sell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 sold | conj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 him | case |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 sold | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sell | past · passive | the Ass | market | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: subject=Theme at market=Asset | ||||
| 2 | sell | past · passive | the Mule | with him = he | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The Ass fell down a steep place and was killed, and the Mule bore the added load
The tree, 17 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Ass | det |
| 2 | Ass | ass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fell | nsubj |
| 3 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADP | _ | 3 fell | compound:prt |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 place | det |
| 6 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 place | amod |
| 7 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fell | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 killed | cc |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 killed | aux:pass |
| 10 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 fell | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 bore | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 bore | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Mule | det |
| 14 | Mule | mule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bore | nsubj |
| 15 | bore | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 fell | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 load | det |
| 17 | added | add | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 load | amod |
| 18 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bore | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall down | past | the Ass | a steep place | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | kill | past · passive | the Ass not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | |||||
| 3 | bear | past | the Mule | the added load | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Patient | ||||
| 4 | add speech: assert | participle | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
Option 4
The Mule ran off into the hills
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Mule | det |
| 2 | Mule | mule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | off | off | ADP | _ | 3 ran | compound:prt |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 hills | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 hills | det |
| 7 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 ran | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run off | past | the Mule | into the hills result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into hill=Result |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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