Exam question 2 · Popular Tales from the Norse, Cinderlad, part 78: three ho…

What action did Cinderlad perform upon the second horse?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: action · What happens: perform

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1491 «Popular Tales from the Norse, Cinderlad, part 78: three horses caught and a knight on the glass hill» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 perform	obj
2	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 perform	nsubj
3	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 perform	aux
4	Cinderlad	Cinderlad	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 perform	nsubj
5	perform	perform	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 horse	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 horse	det
8	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 horse	amod
9	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 perform	obl
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 perform	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perform	past · do-support	action					upon the second horse	vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He threw his steel for fire across its back

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 threw	nsubj
2	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 steel	nmod:poss
4	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 threw	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 fire	case
6	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 threw	obl
7	across	across	ADP	_	9 back	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 back	nmod:poss
9	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 threw	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	past	He	his steel		fire's back		for fire	vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steel=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He threw his steel for striking fire over its mane

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 threw	nsubj
2	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 steel	nmod:poss
4	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 threw	obj
5	for	for	SCONJ	_	6 striking	mark
6	striking	strike	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 threw	advcl
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 striking	obj
8	over	over	ADP	_	10 mane	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 mane	nmod:poss
10	mane	mane	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 striking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	past	He	his steel					vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steel=Theme
2	strike	gerund	He not said here	fire		fire's mane			vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Patient

Option 3

He tossed his fire-steel over its mane

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 tossed	nsubj
2	tossed	toss	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 steel	nmod:poss
4	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 steel	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 fire	punct
6	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tossed	obj
7	over	over	ADP	_	9 mane	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 mane	nmod:poss
9	mane	mane	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tossed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	toss	past	He	his fire steel		steel's mane			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent steel=Theme over mane=Destination

Option 4

He threw his steel for striking fire over its mane and stroked its neck gently

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 threw	nsubj
2	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 steel	nmod:poss
4	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 threw	obj
5	for	for	SCONJ	_	6 striking	mark
6	striking	strike	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 threw	advcl
7	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 striking	obj
8	over	over	ADP	_	10 mane	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 mane	nmod:poss
10	mane	mane	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 striking	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 stroked	cc
12	stroked	stroke	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 threw	conj
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 neck	nmod:poss
14	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 stroked	obj
15	gently	gently	ADV	_	12 stroked	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	throw	past	He	his steel			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steel=Theme
2	strike	gerund	He not said here	fire	fire's mane		vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Patient
3	stroke	past	He not said here	fire's neck		gently property	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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