Exam question 1 · Oz, The Cowardly Lion, part 7: a Lion attacks the travelle…

Which of the following describes the immediate cause of the Tin Woodman's inability to speak after weeping?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, be, speak, weep · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1592 «Oz, The Cowardly Lion, part 7: a Lion attacks the travellers, is slapped, and joins them» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 cause	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	8 cause	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cause	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 cause	case
5	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 cause	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 cause	det
7	immediate	immediate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 cause	amod
8	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
9	of	of	ADP	_	14 inability	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Woodman	det
11	Tin	Tin	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Woodman	compound
12	Woodman	Woodman	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 inability	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Woodman	case
14	inability	inability	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 cause	nmod
15	to	to	PART	_	16 speak	mark
16	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 inability	acl
17	after	after	SCONJ	_	18 weeping	mark
18	weeping	weep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 speak	advcl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 cause	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present	of the immediate cause; of the Tin Woodman's inability	tree rules
3	speak speech: other	to-infinitive		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	weep	gerund		vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The Woodman's jaws were fused by rust from the tears, and his throat had also filled with water and dust over the whole long afternoon.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Woodman	det
2	Woodman	Woodman	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 jaws	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 Woodman	case
4	jaws	jaw	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fused	nsubj:pass
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 fused	aux:pass
6	fused	fuse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 rust	case
8	rust	rust	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fused	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	11 tears	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 tears	det
11	tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fused	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 filled	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 filled	cc
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 throat	nmod:poss
15	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 filled	nsubj
16	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 filled	aux
17	also	also	ADV	_	18 filled	advmod
18	filled	fill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 fused	conj
19	with	with	ADP	_	20 water	case
20	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 filled	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 dust	cc
22	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 water	conj
23	over	over	ADP	_	27 afternoon	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 afternoon	det
25	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 afternoon	amod
26	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 afternoon	amod
27	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 filled	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 fused	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fuse	past · passive	rust	the Woodman's jaws		the tears			vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	fill	past · perfect	his throat				afternoon	with water and dust	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with water=Instrument

Option 2

The oil dried up in his throat completely.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 oil	det
2	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dried	nsubj:pass
3	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 dried	compound:prt
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 throat	case
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 throat	nmod:poss
7	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dried	obl
8	completely	completely	ADV	_	3 dried	advmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 dried	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry up	participle · passive		the oil		his throat		completely property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result

Option 3

Tears ran over his jaw hinges, rusting them shut, so the Scarecrow had to oil him before he could speak again at all.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 ran	nsubj
2	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	over	over	SCONJ	_	6 hinges	mark
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 jaw	nmod:poss
5	jaw	jaw	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hinges	nsubj
6	hinges	hinge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 ran	advcl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 rusting	punct
8	rusting	rust	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 ran	advcl
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 rusting	obj
10	shut	shut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 rusting	xcomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 had	punct
12	so	so	ADV	_	15 had	advmod
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 Scarecrow	det
14	Scarecrow	scarecrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 had	nsubj
15	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 ran	conj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 oil	mark
17	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 had	obj
18	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 oil	obj
19	before	before	SCONJ	_	22 speak	mark
20	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 speak	nsubj
21	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 speak	aux
22	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 had	xcomp
23	again	again	ADV	_	22 speak	advmod
24	at	at	ADP	_	25 all	case
25	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	22 speak	obl
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 ran	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	past	Tears					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	hinge	present	his jaw					vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	rust	gerund	Tears not said here	Tears = tear			shut property	tree rules
4	have	past	the Scarecrow	oil				tree rules
5	speak speech: other	could	jaw		all	again		vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The tears ran over his jaw hinges and rusted them shut.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tears	det
2	tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ran	nsubj
3	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over	over	SCONJ	_	7 hinges	mark
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 jaw	nmod:poss
6	jaw	jaw	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 hinges	nsubj
7	hinges	hinge	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 ran	advcl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 rusted	cc
9	rusted	rust	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 hinges	conj
10	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 rusted	obj
11	shut	shut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rusted	xcomp
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 ran	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	run	past	the tears			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	hinge	present	his jaw			vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	rust	past	his jaw not said here	tears = tear	shut property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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