Exam question 2 · Oz, The Cowardly Lion, part 7: a Lion attacks the travelle…

Identify the reason given by the Cowardly Lion for his inability to overcome his timidity.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, give, overcome · To what, where: reason, timidity

This is exam question 2 of lesson 1592 «Oz, The Cowardly Lion, part 7: a Lion attacks the travellers, is slapped, and joins them» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 Lion	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Lion	det
7	Cowardly	Cowardly	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Lion	compound
8	Lion	Lion	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 given	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 inability	case
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 inability	nmod:poss
11	inability	inability	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 given	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 overcome	mark
13	overcome	overcome	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 given	advcl
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 timidity	nmod:poss
15	timidity	timidity	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 overcome	obj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	give	participle		the reason not said here	by the Cowardly Lion; for Lion's inability	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for inability=Asset
3	overcome	to-infinitive		Lion's timidity		vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot timidity=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He stated that his father had never been brave and that cowards are born in the deep woods of Oz and can never change.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stated	nsubj
2	stated	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 brave	mark
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 father	nmod:poss
5	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 brave	nsubj
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 brave	aux
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 brave	advmod
8	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	9 brave	cop
9	brave	brave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stated	ccomp
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 born	cc
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	14 born	mark
12	cowards	coward	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 born	nsubj:pass
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 born	aux:pass
14	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 brave	conj
15	in	in	ADP	_	18 woods	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 woods	det
17	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 woods	amod
18	woods	wood	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 born	obl
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 Oz	case
20	Oz	Oz	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 woods	nmod
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 change	cc
22	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 change	aux
23	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	24 change	advmod
24	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 born	conj
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	past	He				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	not is	past · perfect	his father			brave property	tree rules
3	bear	present · passive		cowards	the deep woods of Oz		vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
4	not change	can					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

He felt that Oz had cursed him with his fear long ago.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 felt	nsubj
2	felt	feel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 cursed	mark
4	Oz	Oz	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 cursed	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 cursed	aux
6	cursed	curse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 felt	xcomp
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 cursed	obj
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 fear	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 fear	nmod:poss
10	fear	fear	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cursed	obl
11	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	12 ago	advmod
12	ago	ago	ADV	_	6 cursed	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 felt	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	feel	past	He			vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	curse	past · perfect	Oz	him = he	with Oz's fear; ago property	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
3	fear		Oz			nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He stated that he was born that way and could not change it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stated	nsubj
2	stated	state	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 born	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 born	nsubj:pass
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 born	aux:pass
6	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 stated	advcl
7	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 way	det
8	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 born	obl:unmarked
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 change	cc
10	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 change	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 change	advmod
12	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 born	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 change	obj
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 stated	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	past	He			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	bear	past · passive		he	that way obl:unmarked	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	not change	could		way		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 4

He explained that he had tried many times to be brave, but every time he faced danger his legs trembled and he ran away from it.

The tree, 26 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 explained	nsubj
2	explained	explain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	6 tried	mark
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 tried	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 tried	aux
6	tried	try	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	2 explained	ccomp
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 times	amod
8	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 tried	obl:unmarked
9	to	to	PART	_	11 brave	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 brave	cop
11	brave	brave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 tried	advcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 faced	punct
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	17 faced	cc
14	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	15 time	det
15	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 faced	obl:unmarked
16	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 faced	nsubj
17	faced	face	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 explained	conj
18	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 faced	obj
19	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 legs	nmod:poss
20	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 trembled	nsubj
21	trembled	tremble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 faced	parataxis
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 ran	cc
23	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 ran	nsubj
24	ran	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 trembled	conj
25	away	away	ADV	_	24 ran	advmod
26	from	from	ADP	_	27 it	case
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 ran	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 explained	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	past	He					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	try	past · perfect	he			time		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
3	is	to-infinitive	he not said here				brave property	tree rules
4	face	past	he	danger		time		vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent danger=Destination
5	tremble	past	his legs					vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	run away	past	he		danger		away property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from it=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1592-pg55-part7/e2/