Test 17 · ★★ · Alice in Wonderland, chapter VIII, part 2: The Queen's Cro…

★★★ The executioner says no body, no beheading; the King says any head can be beheaded. Can both be right at once about the Cat?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: ★, King · What happens: say, behead, be · To what, where: body, head · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 17 · ★★ of lesson 16 «Alice in Wonderland, chapter VIII, part 2: The Queen's Croquet-Ground (a head without a body)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: ★★★ The executioner says no body, no beheading; the King says any head can be beheaded.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	★	★	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 says	nsubj
2	★	★	X	Foreign=Yes	1 ★	dep
3	★	★	ADP	_	5 executioner	case
4	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 executioner	det
5	executioner	executioner	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 ★	nmod
6	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 body	det
8	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 says	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 beheading	punct
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 beheading	det
11	beheading	beheading	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 body	conj
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 says	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 King	det
14	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 says	nsubj
15	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 says	conj
16	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	17 head	det
17	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 beheaded	nsubj:pass
18	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 beheaded	aux
19	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	20 beheaded	aux:pass
20	beheaded	behead	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 says	ccomp
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	★ ★ the executioner	no body and no beheading	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent body=Topic
2	say speech: assert	present	the King		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	behead	can · passive		any head	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Can both be right at once about the Cat?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 right	aux
2	both	both	ADV	_	4 right	advmod
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 right	cop
4	right	right	ADV	_	9 Cat	advmod
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 once	case
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 right	obl
7	about	about	ADP	_	9 Cat	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Cat	det
9	Cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	9 Cat	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	can						both, right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

No: one says it can't be done, the other says it can

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 says	det
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 done	nsubj:pass
6	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 done	aux
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 done	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 done	aux:pass
9	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 says	ccomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 says	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 other	det
12	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 says	nsubj
13	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 can	nsubj
15	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 says	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	one		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not do	can · passive		it	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
3	say speech: assert	present	the other		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 2

No, because the Cat has already gone home

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	8 gone	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 gone	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 gone	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Cat	det
5	Cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 gone	nsubj
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 gone	aux
7	already	already	ADV	_	8 gone	advmod
8	gone	go	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
9	home	home	ADV	_	8 gone	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present · perfect	the Cat					home property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

No: one says it can't be done, the other says it can, and the Duchess must decide which of them is correct

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 says	det
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 done	nsubj:pass
6	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 done	aux
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 done	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 done	aux:pass
9	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 says	ccomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 says	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 other	det
12	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 says	nsubj
13	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 can	nsubj
15	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 says	ccomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 decide	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 decide	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Duchess	det
19	Duchess	Duchess	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 decide	nsubj
20	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 decide	aux
21	decide	decide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 says	advcl
22	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	26 correct	nsubj
23	of	of	ADP	_	24 them	case
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 which	obl
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 correct	cop
26	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 decide	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	one			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not do	can · passive		it		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
3	say speech: assert	present	the other			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	decide	must	the Duchess			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	is	present			correct property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

No: one says it can't be done, the other says it can, so the Queen will be forced to settle it by shouting

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 says	det
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 done	nsubj:pass
6	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 done	aux
7	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 done	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 done	aux:pass
9	done	do	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 says	ccomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 says	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 other	det
12	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 says	nsubj
13	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 says	conj
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 can	nsubj
15	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 says	ccomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 forced	punct
17	so	so	ADV	_	22 forced	advmod
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Queen	det
19	Queen	Queen	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 forced	nsubj:pass
20	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 forced	aux
21	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	22 forced	aux:pass
22	forced	force	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 says	ccomp
23	to	to	PART	_	24 settle	mark
24	settle	settle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 forced	xcomp
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 settle	obj
26	by	by	SCONJ	_	27 shouting	mark
27	shouting	shout	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	24 settle	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	one		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not do	can · passive		it	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality
3	say speech: assert	present	the other		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	force	future · passive		the Queen	vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
5	settle	to-infinitive	the Queen not said here	it	vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme it=Location
6	shout speech: express	gerund	the Queen not said here		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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