Exam question 3 · Popular Tales from the Norse, Strong Hans, part 21: Hans o…

In what manner did Hans sustain the squire's injury, and to which part of the body?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Hans, squire · What happens: sustain, injure · To what, where: injury, manner

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1632 «Popular Tales from the Norse, Strong Hans, part 21: Hans outwits the squire's plots and beats Old Eric at Devilmoss Lake» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 manner	case
2	what	what	DET	PronType=Int	3 manner	det
3	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sustain	obl
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 sustain	aux
5	Hans	han	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 sustain	nsubj
6	sustain	sustain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 squire	det
8	squire	squire	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 injury	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 squire	case
10	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sustain	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 part	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 part	cc
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 part	case
14	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	15 part	det
15	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sustain	parataxis
16	of	of	ADP	_	18 body	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 body	det
18	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 part	nmod
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 sustain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sustain	past · do-support	Hans	the squire's injury		what manner			vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent injury=Theme
2	injure		the squire						nom injury «state transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A log rolled and bruised a hand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 log	det
2	log	log	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 rolled	nsubj
3	rolled	roll	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 bruised	cc
5	bruised	bruise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 rolled	conj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 hand	det
7	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bruised	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	past	a log						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	bruise	past	a log not said here	a hand					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient

Option 2

A stone slipped off and hit a foot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 stone	det
2	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 slipped	nsubj
3	slipped	slip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 slipped	compound:prt
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 hit	cc
6	hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 slipped	conj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 foot	det
8	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hit	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	slip off	past	a stone						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	hit	past	a stone not said here	a foot					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme foot=Co-Theme

Option 3

A heavy wooden beam fell off the wagon while he was loading it and crushed the steward's whole left foot

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 beam	det
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 beam	amod
3	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 beam	amod
4	beam	beam	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fell	nsubj
5	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	off	off	ADP	_	8 wagon	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 wagon	det
8	wagon	wagon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fell	obl
9	while	while	SCONJ	_	12 loading	mark
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 loading	nsubj
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 loading	aux
12	loading	load	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 fell	advcl
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 loading	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 crushed	cc
15	crushed	crush	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 fell	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 steward	det
17	steward	steward	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 foot	nmod:poss
18	's	's	PART	_	17 steward	case
19	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 foot	amod
20	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 foot	amod
21	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 crushed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	fall off	past	a heavy wooden beam	the wagon	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient wagon=Extent
2	load	past · progressive	beam	wagon	vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	crush	past	a heavy wooden beam not said here	the steward's whole left foot	vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A mill-stone shaken from his neck crushed a toe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 stone	det
2	mill	mill	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stone	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 mill	punct
4	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 crushed	nsubj
5	shaken	shake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 stone	acl
6	from	from	ADP	_	8 neck	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 neck	nmod:poss
8	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shaken	obl
9	crushed	crush	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 toe	det
11	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 crushed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shake	participle		a mill stone not said here				from stone's neck	vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer from neck=Stimulus
2	crush	past	a mill stone	a toe					vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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