Exam question 1 · Slavic Tales, Snowflake: a snow girl comes alive, then mel…

Which of the following describes the manner in which the snow child was first brought to life?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, describe, bring · To what, where: manner, snow child

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1637 «Slavic Tales, Snowflake: a snow girl comes alive, then melts at Midsummer» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 describes	nsubj
2	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 describes	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 describes	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 describes	nsubj
5	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 manner	det
7	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 describes	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 brought	obl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 child	det
11	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 child	compound
12	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 brought	nsubj:pass
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 brought	aux:pass
14	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	15 brought	advmod
15	brought	bring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 manner	acl:relcl
16	to	to	ADP	_	17 life	case
17	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 brought	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present	the manner			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent manner=Theme
3	bring	past · passive	the snow child	the manner	to life; first property	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to life=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

By the sun shining on the snow outside the window

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 sun	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sun	det
3	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	shining	shine	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 sun	acl
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 snow	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 snow	det
7	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shining	obl
8	outside	outside	ADP	_	10 window	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 window	det
10	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 shining	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shine	gerund	the sun not said here			the snow		outside the window	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on snow=Location

Option 2

By the cold breath of a passing winter wind through the room

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	4 breath	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 breath	det
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 breath	amod
4	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 wind	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 wind	det
7	passing	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 wind	amod
8	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wind	compound
9	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breath	nmod
10	through	through	ADP	_	12 room	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 room	det
12	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 wind	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

By the sun's light

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	5 light	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 sun	det
3	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 light	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 sun	case
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	light		the sun						nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

By the warm breath upon Ivan's cheek, following the shaping of its mouth

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	4 breath	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 breath	det
3	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 breath	amod
4	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 cheek	case
6	Ivan	Ivan	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 cheek	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Ivan	case
8	cheek	cheek	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breath	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 shaping	punct
10	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 shaping	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 shaping	det
12	shaping	shaping	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 breath	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 mouth	case
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 mouth	nmod:poss
15	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 shaping	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	shape			shaping's mouth					nom shaping «process transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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