Exam question 4 · d'Aulnoy's Fairy Tales, The Invisible Prince, part 21: the…

What was the principal cause of the Prince's misfortune upon the sea?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be · To what, where: principal cause

This is exam question 4 of lesson 1697 «d'Aulnoy's Fairy Tales, The Invisible Prince, part 21: the Prince is wrecked and finds a land of doomed lovers» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 cause	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 cause	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 cause	det
4	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cause	amod
5	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	10 misfortune	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Prince	det
8	Prince	Prince	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 misfortune	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 Prince	case
10	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cause	nmod
11	upon	upon	ADP	_	13 sea	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sea	det
13	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 misfortune	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 cause	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past		the principal cause				of the Prince's misfortune upon the sea	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Rough seas that swept his men overboard

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rough	rough	ADV	_	4 swept	advmod
2	seas	sea	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swept	nsubj
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 swept	nsubj
4	swept	sweep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 men	nmod:poss
6	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 swept	obj
7	overboard	overboard	ADV	_	4 swept	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sweep	past	seas	his men				overboard, rough property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location man=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A violent storm which broke his vessel on rocks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 storm	det
2	violent	violent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 storm	amod
3	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 broke	nsubj
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 broke	nsubj
5	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 vessel	nmod:poss
7	vessel	vessel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 broke	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 rocks	case
9	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 broke	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	past	a violent storm	storm's vessel		rocks			vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vessel=Patient

Option 3

A violent storm and huge waves which smashed his ship against hidden rocks in the night

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 storm	det
2	violent	violent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 storm	amod
3	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 smashed	nsubj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 waves	cc
5	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 waves	amod
6	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 storm	conj
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 smashed	nsubj
8	smashed	smash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 ship	nmod:poss
10	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 smashed	obj
11	against	against	ADP	_	13 rocks	case
12	hidden	hidden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 rocks	amod
13	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 smashed	obl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 night	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 night	det
16	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 smashed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	smash	past	a violent storm and huge waves	his ship		hidden rocks	night		vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent ship=Theme against rock=Destination

Option 4

A hidden reef that tore his hull apart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 reef	det
2	hidden	hidden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 reef	amod
3	reef	reef	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 tore	nsubj
5	tore	tore	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 reef	acl:relcl
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 hull	nmod:poss
7	hull	hull	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tore	obj
8	apart	apart	ADV	_	5 tore	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tore	past	a hidden reef	his hull				apart property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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