Exam question 1 · Fairy Tales, The Glass Mountain: a schoolboy climbs with l…

Which of the following did the youth employ, in order to ascend the Glass Mountain, to secure his hold upon its surface?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: his · What happens: follow, do, ascend, secure, hold · To what, where: youth employ, Glass Mountain, hold

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1704 «Fairy Tales, The Glass Mountain: a schoolboy climbs with lynx claws, cuts the eagle's feet, and wins the Princess» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 following	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	4 following	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 following	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 following	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 employ	det
7	youth	youth	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 employ	compound
8	employ	employ	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 did	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ascend	punct
10	in	in	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	13 ascend	mark
11	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 in	fixed
12	to	to	PART	_	13 ascend	mark
13	ascend	ascend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 employ	acl:relcl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Mountain	det
15	Glass	Glass	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 Mountain	compound
16	Mountain	Mountain	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 ascend	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 secure	punct
18	to	to	PART	_	19 secure	mark
19	secure	secure	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 ascend	conj
20	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 hold	nmod:poss
21	hold	hold	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 secure	obj
22	upon	upon	ADP	_	24 surface	case
23	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 surface	nmod:poss
24	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 secure	obl
25	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 following	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	do	past		the youth employ		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent employ=Eventuality
3	ascend	to-infinitive		the Glass Mountain		vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mountain=Trajectory
4	secure	to-infinitive		his hold	upon hold's surface	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition hold=Theme
5	hold		his = he			nom hold «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The sharp claws of a lynx that he had caught earlier in the forest, fastened to his hands and feet with leather straps

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 claws	det
2	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 claws	amod
3	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 fastened	nsubj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 lynx	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 lynx	det
6	lynx	lynx	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 claws	nmod
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 caught	mark
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 caught	nsubj:pass
9	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 caught	aux
10	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 lynx	acl
11	earlier	early	ADV	Degree=Cmp	10 caught	advmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 forest	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 forest	det
14	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 caught	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 claws	punct
16	fastened	fasten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
17	to	to	ADP	_	19 hands	case
18	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 hands	nmod:poss
19	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 fastened	obl
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 feet	cc
21	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 hands	conj
22	with	with	ADP	_	24 straps	case
23	leather	leather	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 straps	compound
24	straps	strap	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 fastened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	catch	past · perfect · passive	a lynx not said here	he		the forest		early property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	fasten	past	the sharp claws of a lynx					to his hands and feet; with leather straps	vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent to hand=Co-Patient with strap=Instrument

Option 2

A pair of iron-tipped gloves and boots that he had forged himself from metal found near the lake, to grip the glass

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pair	det
2	pair	pair	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 forged	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 gloves	case
4	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tipped	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 iron	punct
6	tipped	tip	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 gloves	amod
7	gloves	glove	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 pair	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 boots	cc
9	boots	boot	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 gloves	conj
10	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 forged	mark
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 forged	nsubj
12	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 forged	aux
13	forged	forge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
14	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	13 forged	obj
15	from	from	ADP	_	16 metal	case
16	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 forged	obl
17	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 metal	acl
18	near	near	ADP	_	20 lake	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 lake	det
20	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 found	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 grip	punct
22	to	to	PART	_	23 grip	mark
23	grip	grip	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 forged	advcl
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 glass	det
25	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 grip	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	tip	participle				vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	forge	past · perfect	a pair of tipped gloves and boots	pair	metal	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent himself=Product from metal=Material
3	find	participle		metal not said here	the lake	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
4	grip	to-infinitive	a pair of tipped gloves and boots not said here	the glass		vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Experiencer

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The sharp claws of a lynx fastened to his hands and feet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 claws	det
2	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 claws	amod
3	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 lynx	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 lynx	det
6	lynx	lynx	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 claws	nmod
7	fastened	fasten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 claws	acl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 hands	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 hands	nmod:poss
10	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fastened	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 feet	cc
12	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 hands	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fasten	participle		the sharp claws of a lynx not said here				to his hands and feet	vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to hand=Co-Patient

Option 4

The stiff claws of a bear fastened to his hands

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 claws	det
2	stiff	stiff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 claws	amod
3	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 bear	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bear	det
6	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 claws	nmod
7	fastened	fasten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 claws	acl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 hands	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 hands	nmod:poss
10	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fastened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fasten	participle		the stiff claws of a bear not said here				to his hands	vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to hand=Co-Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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