Exam question 1 · Roumanian Fairy Tales, Mogarzea, part 67: the shepherd boy…

By what means did the shepherd boy obtain the return of Mogarzea's soul?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: soul · What happens: mean, do, obtain, return · To what, where: shepherd boy, return · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 1 of lesson 1816 «Roumanian Fairy Tales, Mogarzea, part 67: the shepherd boy wins back Mogarzea's soul» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	3 means	mark
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 means	nsubj
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 obtain	advcl
4	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 means	ccomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 boy	det
6	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 boy	compound
7	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 did	obj
8	obtain	obtain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 return	det
10	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 obtain	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 soul	case
12	Mogarzea	Mogarzea	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 soul	nmod:poss
13	's	's	PART	_	12 Mogarzea	case
14	soul	soul	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 return	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 obtain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	mean	present			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	do	past		the shepherd boy	vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Eventuality
3	obtain	present		the return of Mogarzea's soul	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset return=Theme
4	return		Mogarzea's soul		nom return «communication intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

By chopping the cherry tree in half and making the elves promise to return every stolen soul to its owner

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 chopping	mark
2	chopping	chop	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 promise	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 tree	det
4	cherry	cherry	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tree	compound
5	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 chopping	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 half	case
7	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	2 chopping	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 making	cc
9	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 chopping	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 elves	det
11	elves	elf	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 making	obj
12	promise	promise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
13	to	to	PART	_	14 return	mark
14	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 promise	xcomp
15	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	17 soul	det
16	stolen	steal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 soul	amod
17	soul	soul	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 return	obj
18	to	to	ADP	_	20 owner	case
19	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 owner	nmod:poss
20	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 return	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	chop	gerund	the cherry tree	half	vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tree=Patient in half=Location
2	make	gerund	the elves		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset elf=Product
3	promise speech: promise	present			vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	return not said to happen	to-infinitive	every stolen soul	soul's owner	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent soul=Theme to owner=Destination
5	steal	participle			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

By trapping the elves' fingers within a split cherry tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 trapping	mark
2	trapping	trap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 elves	det
4	elves	elf	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 fingers	nmod:poss
5	'	's	PART	_	4 elves	case
6	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 trapping	obj
7	within	within	ADP	_	11 tree	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 tree	det
9	split	split	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tree	amod
10	cherry	cherry	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tree	compound
11	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trapping	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	gerund		the elves's fingers				within a split cherry tree	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient

Option 3

By splitting an oak and hiding the elves' hands inside it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 splitting	mark
2	splitting	split	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 oak	det
4	oak	oak	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 splitting	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 hiding	cc
6	hiding	hide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 splitting	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 elves	det
8	elves	elf	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 hands	nmod:poss
9	'	's	PART	_	8 elves	case
10	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hiding	obj
11	inside	inside	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 hiding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	split	gerund		a oak					vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oak=Patient
2	hide	gerund		the elves's hands		oak			vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hand=Patient inside it=Location

Option 4

By luring the three elves into a split cherry tree and trapping their fingers there until they agreed

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 luring	mark
2	luring	lure	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 agreed	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 elves	det
4	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 elves	nummod
5	elves	elf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 luring	obj
6	into	into	ADP	_	10 tree	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 tree	det
8	split	split	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 tree	amod
9	cherry	cherry	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tree	compound
10	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 luring	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 trapping	cc
12	trapping	trap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 luring	conj
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 fingers	nmod:poss
14	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 trapping	obj
15	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	12 trapping	advmod
16	until	until	SCONJ	_	18 agreed	mark
17	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 agreed	nsubj
18	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lure	gerund	fingers = finger not said here	the three elves		into a split cherry tree result	vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent elf=Patient into tree=Result
2	trap	gerund	fingers = finger not said here	elves's fingers	there		vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent finger=Patient
3	agree speech: agree	past	fingers = finger				vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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