Exam question 3 · Grimm's Fairy Tales, The Story of a Clever Tailor: the tai…

Which of the following best identifies the means by which the young tailor subdued the bear during the night?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: the, young tailor · What happens: follow, identify, mean, subdue · To what, where: bear · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 1933 «Grimm's Fairy Tales, The Story of a Clever Tailor: the tailor guesses the Princess's hair and tames the bear» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 identifies	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 identifies	nmod
6	identifies	identify	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 means	nsubj
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 identifies	ccomp
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 subdued	obl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 tailor	det
12	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 tailor	amod
13	tailor	tailor	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 subdued	nsubj
14	subdued	subdue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 means	ccomp
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 bear	det
16	bear	bear	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 subdued	obj
17	during	during	ADP	_	19 night	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 night	det
19	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 subdued	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 identifies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	identify	present				of the best	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent which=Theme clause=Attribute
3	mean	present	the				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
4	subdue	past	the young tailor	the bear	night		vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bear=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He tricked it with pebbles, fiddled, and locked its legs in iron chains.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 tricked	nsubj
2	tricked	trick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 tricked	obj
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 pebbles	case
5	pebbles	pebble	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tricked	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 fiddled	punct
7	fiddled	fiddle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 pebbles	acl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 locked	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 locked	cc
10	locked	lock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 tricked	parataxis
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 legs	nmod:poss
12	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 locked	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 chains	case
14	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 chains	compound
15	chains	chain	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 locked	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 tricked	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	trick	past	He	it		with pebbles	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
2	fiddle	participle		pebbles not said here			vn trifle-105.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	lock	past		its legs	iron chains		vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient

Option 2

He substituted pebbles for nuts, taught it to fiddle, locked its paws in stocks, and bounced it around the stable.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 substituted	nsubj
2	substituted	substitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pebbles	pebble	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 substituted	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 nuts	case
5	nuts	nut	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 substituted	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 taught	punct
7	taught	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 substituted	conj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 taught	obj
9	to	to	PART	_	10 fiddle	mark
10	fiddle	fiddle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 taught	xcomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 locked	punct
12	locked	lock	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 fiddle	obj
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 paws	nmod:poss
14	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 locked	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 stocks	case
16	stocks	stock	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 locked	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 bounced	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 bounced	cc
19	bounced	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 substituted	conj
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 bounced	obj
21	around	around	ADP	_	23 stable	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 stable	det
23	stable	stable	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 bounced	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 substituted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	substitute	past	He	pebbles			for nuts	vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Theme pebble=Location
2	teach speech: other	past	He not said here		it			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Recipient clause=Topic
3	fiddle	to-infinitive	He not said here					vn trifle-105.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
4	lock	participle		its paws		stocks		vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paw=Patient
5	bounce	past	He not said here	it		the stable		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme around stable=Trajectory

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He substituted pebbles for nuts, taught fiddling, and secured its paws in stocks

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 substituted	nsubj
2	substituted	substitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pebbles	pebble	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 substituted	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 nuts	case
5	nuts	nut	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 substituted	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 taught	punct
7	taught	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 substituted	conj
8	fiddling	fiddle	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 taught	xcomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 secured	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 secured	cc
11	secured	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 substituted	conj
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 paws	nmod:poss
13	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 secured	obj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 stocks	case
15	stocks	stock	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 secured	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	substitute	past	He	pebbles		for nuts	vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Theme pebble=Location
2	teach speech: other	past	He not said here				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	fiddle	gerund	He not said here				vn trifle-105.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
4	secure	past	He not said here	its paws	stocks		vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition paw=Theme

Option 4

He substituted pebbles for nuts, taught fiddling, secured its paws in stocks, and then asked for a reward.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 substituted	nsubj
2	substituted	substitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	pebbles	pebble	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 substituted	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 nuts	case
5	nuts	nut	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 substituted	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 taught	punct
7	taught	teach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 substituted	parataxis
8	fiddling	fiddle	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 taught	xcomp
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 secured	punct
10	secured	secure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 taught	conj
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 paws	nmod:poss
12	paws	paw	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 secured	obj
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 stocks	case
14	stocks	stock	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 secured	obl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 asked	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 asked	cc
17	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	18 asked	advmod
18	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 substituted	parataxis
19	for	for	ADP	_	21 reward	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 reward	det
21	reward	reward	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 asked	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 substituted	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	substitute	past	He	pebbles			for nuts	vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Theme pebble=Location
2	teach speech: other	past						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	fiddle	gerund						vn trifle-105.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
4	secure	past		its paws	stocks			vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition paw=Theme
5	ask speech: ask	past				then	for a reward	vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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