Test 6 · ★ · Arabian Nights, Alnaschar, part 34: the broken glass, the…

Did they think he was dead, or did they know he was alive?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: they, he · What happens: think, be, know · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 194 «Arabian Nights, Alnaschar, part 34: the broken glass, the gold, and the trap below the house» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 think	aux
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 think	nsubj
3	think	think	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 dead	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 dead	cop
6	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 think	ccomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 know	punct
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 know	cc
9	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 know	aux
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 know	nsubj
11	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 think	parataxis
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 alive	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 alive	cop
14	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 know	ccomp
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 think	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past · do-support	they		vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	he	dead property	tree rules
3	know	past · do-support	they		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	is	past	he	alive property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They were certain he was alive and so they tied his hands and dragged him below

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 certain	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 certain	cop
3	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 alive	nsubj
5	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 alive	cop
6	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 certain	ccomp
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 tied	cc
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 tied	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 tied	nsubj
10	tied	tie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 certain	conj
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 hands	nmod:poss
12	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 tied	obj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 dragged	cc
14	dragged	drag	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 tied	conj
15	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 dragged	obj
16	below	below	ADV	_	14 dragged	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	They		certain property	tree rules
2	is	past	he		alive property	tree rules
3	tie	past	they	his hands		vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient
4	drag	past	they not said here	him = he	below property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 2

They knew he was alive but ignored him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 knew	nsubj
2	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 alive	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 alive	cop
5	alive	alive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 knew	ccomp
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	7 ignored	cc
7	ignored	ignore	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 knew	conj
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 ignored	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	know	past	They			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	is	past	he		alive property	tree rules
3	ignore	past	They not said here	him = he		vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 3

They thought he was dead, so they threw him in the sea and left him there

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thought	nsubj
2	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 dead	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 dead	cop
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 thought	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 threw	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	9 threw	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 threw	nsubj
9	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 thought	parataxis
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 threw	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 sea	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sea	det
13	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 threw	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 left	cc
15	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 thought	conj
16	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 left	obj
17	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 left	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	They				vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	he			dead property	tree rules
3	throw	past	they	him = he	the sea		vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent he=Theme in sea=Destination
4	leave	past	They not said here	him = he	there		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

They thought he was dead, so they salted him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 thought	nsubj
2	thought	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 dead	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 dead	cop
5	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 thought	ccomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 salted	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	9 salted	advmod
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 salted	nsubj
9	salted	salt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 thought	conj
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 salted	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	past	They			vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	past	he		dead property	tree rules
3	salt	past	they	him = he		vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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