Exam question 3 · Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies, part 9: Theseus comes home…

Explain the relationship that the narrator describes between Antaeus and the Pygmies.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, narrator · What happens: explain, describe · To what, where: relationship

This is exam question 3 of lesson 2050 «Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies, part 9: Theseus comes home to grief, and the Giant Antaeus is introduced as friend of the Pygmies» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 relationship	det
3	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obj
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 describes	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 narrator	det
6	narrator	narrator	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 describes	nsubj
7	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 relationship	acl:relcl
8	between	between	ADP	_	9 Antaeus	case
9	Antaeus	Antaeus	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 describes	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 Pygmies	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Pygmies	det
12	Pygmies	pygmy	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 Antaeus	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	the relationship					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relationship=Topic
2	describe	present	the narrator	the relationship not said here				between Antaeus and the Pygmies	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent relationship=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The Pygmies feared the Giant, though he was kind to them in return.

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Pygmies	det
2	Pygmies	pygmy	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 feared	nsubj
3	feared	fear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Giant	det
5	Giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 feared	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 kind	punct
7	though	though	SCONJ	_	10 kind	mark
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 kind	nsubj
9	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 kind	cop
10	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 feared	conj
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 them	case
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 kind	obl
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 return	case
14	return	return	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 kind	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 feared	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fear	past	the Pygmies	the Giant					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer giant=Stimulus
2	is	past	he		Pygmies = pygmy	return		kind property	tree rules

Option 2

The Giant ruled over the Pygmies, who gave him gifts of grain and served him faithfully every day.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Giant	det
2	Giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 ruled	nsubj
3	ruled	rule	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	over	over	ADP	_	6 Pygmies	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Pygmies	det
6	Pygmies	pygmy	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 ruled	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 gave	punct
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 gave	nsubj
9	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 Pygmies	acl:relcl
10	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 gave	iobj
11	gifts	gift	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 gave	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 grain	case
13	grain	grain	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gifts	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 served	cc
15	served	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 gave	conj
16	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 served	obj
17	faithfully	faithfully	ADV	_	15 served	advmod
18	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	19 day	det
19	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 served	obl:unmarked
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 ruled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rule	past	the Giant			the Pygmies			vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	give	past	the Pygmies	gifts of grain	him = he				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient gift=Theme
3	serve	past	the Pygmies not said here	him = he			day	faithfully property	vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Attribute
4	gift			grain					nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Each loved and cared for the other with affection, though the Pygmies were afraid of the Giant's breath and kept well out of his path all day long.

The tree, 29 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 loved	nsubj:pass
2	loved	love	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 cared	cc
4	cared	care	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 loved	conj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 other	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 other	det
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cared	obl
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 affection	case
9	affection	affection	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cared	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 afraid	punct
11	though	though	SCONJ	_	15 afraid	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Pygmies	det
13	Pygmies	pygmy	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 afraid	nsubj
14	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 afraid	cop
15	afraid	afraid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 loved	conj
16	of	of	ADP	_	20 breath	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 breath	det
18	Giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 breath	amod
19	's	's	PART	_	18 Giant	case
20	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 afraid	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 kept	cc
22	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 loved	conj
23	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	22 kept	advmod
24	out	out	ADP	_	27 path	case
25	of	of	ADP	_	27 path	case
26	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 path	nmod:poss
27	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 kept	obl
28	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	29 day	det
29	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 long	obl:unmarked
30	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	22 kept	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 loved	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	love	participle · passive		Each			vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	care	participle				for the other; with affection	vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for other=Theme
3	is	past	the Pygmies			of the Giant breath; afraid property	tree rules
4	keep	past			his path	long, well property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent out path=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Each loved and cared for the other with affection, despite their great difference in size.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 loved	nsubj:pass
2	loved	love	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 cared	cc
4	cared	care	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 loved	conj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 other	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 other	det
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cared	obl
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 affection	case
9	affection	affection	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 other	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 difference	punct
11	despite	despite	ADP	_	14 difference	case
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 difference	nmod:poss
13	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 difference	amod
14	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cared	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 size	case
16	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 difference	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 loved	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	love	participle · passive		Each					vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus
2	care	participle						for the other; despite their great difference in size	vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for other=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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