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Test 11 · ★★★ · Alice in Wonderland, chapter XII, part 1: Alice's Evidence…

The verses aren't in the Knave's handwriting, «and that's the queerest thing». How does the King twist this into proof?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: verses, that, King · What happens: not be, be, twist · To what, where: handwriting, queerest thing, this, proof

This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 23 «Alice in Wonderland, chapter XII, part 1: Alice's Evidence (Rule Forty-two and the unsigned letter)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The verses aren't in the Knave's handwriting, «and that's the queerest thing».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 verses	det
2	verses	verse	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 handwriting	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 handwriting	cop
4	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 handwriting	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	9 handwriting	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Knave	det
7	Knave	Knave	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 handwriting	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 Knave	case
9	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 thing	punct
11	«	«	PUNCT	_	17 thing	punct
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 thing	cc
13	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	17 thing	nsubj
14	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 thing	cop
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 thing	det
16	queerest	queer	ADJ	Degree=Sup	17 thing	amod
17	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 handwriting	appos
18	»	»	PUNCT	_	17 thing	punct
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 handwriting	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	the verses			the Knave's handwriting			tree rules
2	is a in a quote	present	that	the queerest thing					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How does the King twist this into proof?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	5 twist	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 twist	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 King	det
4	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 twist	nsubj
5	twist	twist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 twist	obj
7	into	into	ADP	_	8 proof	case
8	proof	proof	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 twist	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 twist	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	twist	present · do-support	the King	this		proof			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent this=Theme into proof=Trajectory

The options

Option 1

He says it's forged

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 forged	nsubj:pass
4	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 forged	aux:pass
5	forged	forge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 says	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	He						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	forge	present · passive		it					vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He says the Knave must have copied someone else's handwriting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Knave	det
4	Knave	knave	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 copied	nsubj:pass
5	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 copied	aux
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 copied	aux
7	copied	copy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 says	ccomp
8	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	11 handwriting	nmod:poss
9	else	else	ADV	_	8 someone	advmod
10	's	's	PART	_	8 someone	case
11	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 copied	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	He						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	copy	must · perfect · passive		the Knave					tree rules
3	handwrite		someone						nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

He says the Knave must have forged a signature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Knave	det
4	Knave	knave	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 forged	nsubj:pass
5	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 forged	aux
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 forged	aux
7	forged	forge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 says	ccomp
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 signature	det
9	signature	signature	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 forged	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	He						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	forge	must · perfect · passive		the Knave					vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP PP»: subject=Beneficiary signature=Product

Option 4

He says the Knave must have copied the Queen's handwriting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 Knave	det
4	Knave	knave	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 copied	nsubj:pass
5	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 copied	aux
6	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 copied	aux
7	copied	copy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 says	ccomp
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Queen	det
9	Queen	Queen	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 handwriting	nmod:poss
10	's	's	PART	_	9 Queen	case
11	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 copied	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	He						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	copy	must · perfect · passive		the Knave					tree rules
3	handwrite		the Queen						nom handwriting «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/23-alice-alices-evidence-1/t11/