Test 12 · ★★★ · Alice in Wonderland, chapter XII, part 1: Alice's Evidence…

«If you didn't sign it, that only makes the matter worse.» Why is this unfair to the Knave?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, this · What happens: not sign, make, be · To what, where: it, matter

This is test 12 · ★★★ of lesson 23 «Alice in Wonderland, chapter XII, part 1: Alice's Evidence (Rule Forty-two and the unsigned letter)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: «If you didn't sign it, that only makes the matter worse.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	6 sign	punct
2	If	if	SCONJ	_	6 sign	mark
3	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 sign	nsubj
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 sign	aux
5	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 sign	advmod
6	sign	sign	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 sign	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 makes	punct
9	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 makes	mark
10	only	only	ADV	_	11 makes	advmod
11	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 sign	conj
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 matter	det
13	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 makes	obj
14	worse	bad	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	11 makes	xcomp
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 sign	punct
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 sign	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sign in a quote	past · do-support	you	it					vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Destination
2	make in a quote	present	you not said here	the matter				bad property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset matter=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is this unfair to the Knave?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 unfair	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 unfair	cop
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 unfair	nsubj
4	unfair	unfair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 Knave	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Knave	det
7	Knave	Knave	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 unfair	obl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 unfair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	this					to the Knave; unfair property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He is punished for signing and for not signing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 punished	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 punished	aux:pass
3	punished	punish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 signing	case
5	signing	signing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 punished	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 signing	cc
7	for	for	SCONJ	_	9 signing	mark
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 signing	advmod
9	signing	sign	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 signing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	punish	present · passive		He				for signing	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for signing=Theme
2	not sign	gerund							vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Whatever he does — sign or not sign — the King calls it proof of guilt

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 does	obj
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 does	nsubj
3	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	—	-	PUNCT	_	5 sign	punct
5	sign	sign	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 does	xcomp
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 sign	cc
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 sign	advmod
8	sign	sign	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 sign	conj
9	—	-	PUNCT	_	12 calls	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 King	det
11	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 calls	nsubj
12	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 does	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 calls	obj
14	proof	proof	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 calls	xcomp
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 guilt	case
16	guilt	guilt	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 proof	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	do	present	he	Whatever	tree rules
2	sign	infinitive	he not said here		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not sign	infinitive	he not said here		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	call	present	the King	it	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient
5	proof			guilt	nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

Whatever he does, sign or not sign, the King calls it proof of guilt, and the jury simply nods along

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 sign	obj
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 sign	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sign	aux
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 sign	punct
5	sign	sign	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 sign	cc
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 sign	advmod
8	sign	sign	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 sign	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 calls	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 King	det
11	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 calls	nsubj
12	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sign	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 calls	obj
14	proof	proof	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 calls	xcomp
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 guilt	case
16	guilt	guilt	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 proof	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 nods	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 nods	cc
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 jury	det
20	jury	jury	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 nods	nsubj
21	simply	simply	ADV	_	22 nods	advmod
22	nods	nod	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sign	conj
23	along	along	ADV	_	22 nods	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	sign	present · do-support	he	Whatever		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent whatever=Destination
2	not sign	infinitive	he not said here			vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	call	present	the King	it		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient
4	nod	present	the jury		along, simply property	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	proof			guilt		nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Whatever he does — sign or not sign — the King calls it proof of guilt, so no answer can ever clear him

The tree, 21 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whatever	whatever	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 does	obj
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 does	nsubj
3	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sign	advcl
4	—	-	PUNCT	_	3 does	punct
5	sign	sign	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 sign	cc
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 sign	advmod
8	sign	sign	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 sign	conj
9	—	-	PUNCT	_	12 calls	punct
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 King	det
11	King	King	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 calls	nsubj
12	calls	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sign	parataxis
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 calls	obj
14	proof	proof	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 calls	xcomp
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 guilt	case
16	guilt	guilt	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 proof	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 clear	punct
18	so	so	ADV	_	23 clear	advmod
19	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	20 answer	det
20	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 clear	nsubj
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 clear	aux
22	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	23 clear	advmod
23	clear	clear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 sign	conj
24	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 clear	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	do	present	he	Whatever		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Eventuality
2	sign	imperative	you not said here			vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	not sign	infinitive	you not said here			vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	call	present	the King	it		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient
5	clear	can	no answer	King	ever	vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent he=Source
6	proof			guilt		nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/23-alice-alices-evidence-1/t12/