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Test 3 · ★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 3: The River Bank…

The Otter says Toad has «no stability—especially in a boat». What's the double joke?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Otter, Toad, double joke · What happens: say, have, be · To what, where: stability, boat · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 27 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter I, part 3: The River Bank (the Otter, a glimpse of Badger, and Toad in his new boat)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The Otter says Toad has «no stability—especially in a boat».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Otter	det
2	Otter	Otter	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 stability	punct
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 stability	det
8	stability	stability	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obj
9	—	-	PUNCT	_	13 boat	punct
10	especially	especially	ADV	_	13 boat	advmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 boat	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 boat	det
13	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 stability	nmod
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 boat	punct
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the Otter						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	present	Toad	no stability		a boat			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stability=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the double joke?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 joke	det
4	double	double	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 joke	amod
5	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the double joke						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Toad keeps changing hobbies, and his boat rocks too

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 keeps	nsubj
2	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 keeps	xcomp
4	hobbies	hobby	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 changing	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 rocks	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 rocks	cc
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 rocks	nmod:poss
8	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rocks	compound
9	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keeps	parataxis
10	too	too	ADV	_	2 keeps	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Toad						tree rules
2	change	gerund	Toad not said here	hobbies					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hobby=Patient

Option 2

Toad changes hobbies so the boat keeps tipping

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 changes	nsubj
2	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hobbies	hobby	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 changes	obj
4	so	so	SCONJ	_	7 keeps	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 boat	det
6	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 keeps	nsubj
7	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 changes	advcl
8	tipping	tip	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 keeps	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	Toad	hobbies					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hobby=Patient
2	keep	present	the boat						tree rules
3	tip	gerund	the boat not said here						vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Toad's boat is unstable because Toad keeps moving around and laughing at everybody on board

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 boat	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Toad	case
3	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 unstable	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 unstable	cop
5	unstable	unstable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 keeps	mark
7	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 keeps	nsubj
8	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 unstable	advcl
9	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 keeps	xcomp
10	around	around	ADV	_	9 moving	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 laughing	cc
12	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 moving	conj
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 everybody	case
14	everybody	everybody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	12 laughing	obl
15	on	on	ADP	_	16 board	case
16	board	board	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 everybody	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Toad's boat					unstable property	tree rules
2	keep	present	Toad						tree rules
3	move around	gerund	Toad not said here					around property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	laugh	gerund	Toad not said here			everybody			vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Toad has no stability because his boat is made of wood and sinks in the river

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 stability	det
4	stability	stability	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 made	mark
6	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 boat	nmod:poss
7	boat	boat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 made	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 made	aux:pass
9	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 has	advcl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 wood	case
11	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 made	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 sinks	cc
13	sinks	sink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 river	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 river	det
16	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 sinks	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Toad	no stability					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stability=Patient
2	make	present · passive		Toad's boat				of wood	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
3	sink	present	Toad not said here			the river			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/27-willows-ch1-part3-otter-badger-and-toad/t3/