Exam question 3 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shoes of Fortune: the watchman…

Describe the reasoning given for the Selenites' doubts about Earth.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, Selenites · What happens: describe, give, doubt · To what, where: reasoning

This is exam question 3 of lesson 279 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Shoes of Fortune: the watchman flies to the moon in a wink, and his body dies on the street» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Describe	describe	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reasoning	det
3	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Describe	obj
4	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reasoning	acl
5	for	for	ADP	_	9 doubts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Selenites	det
7	Selenites	selenite	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 doubts	nmod:poss
8	'	's	PART	_	7 Selenites	case
9	doubts	doubt	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 given	obl
10	about	about	ADP	_	11 Earth	case
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 doubts	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Describe	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	describe	imperative	you not said here	the reasoning		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reasoning=Theme
2	give	participle		the reasoning not said here	for the Selenites's doubts about Earth	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent for doubt=Asset
3	doubt		the Selenites		about Earth	nom doubt «cognition transitive»: poss=agent about=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The air is thought too thick for reasonable beings to breathe.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 thought	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 thought	aux:pass
4	thought	think	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 thick	advmod
6	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 thought	xcomp
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 beings	case
8	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 beings	amod
9	beings	being	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 thick	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 breathe	mark
11	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 beings	acl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 thought	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present · passive		the air				thick property	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	breathe	to-infinitive							vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The air is considered too dense for rational creatures to breathe freely, so they doubt any life can exist there.

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 considered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 considered	aux:pass
4	considered	consider	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 dense	advmod
6	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 considered	xcomp
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 creatures	case
8	rational	rational	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 creatures	amod
9	creatures	creature	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 considered	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 breathe	mark
11	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 considered	advcl
12	freely	freely	ADV	_	11 breathe	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 doubt	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	16 doubt	advmod
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 doubt	nsubj
16	doubt	doubt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 considered	conj
17	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	18 life	det
18	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 exist	nsubj
19	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 exist	aux
20	exist	exist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 doubt	ccomp
21	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	20 exist	advmod
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 considered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	consider	present · passive		the air		for rational creatures; dense property	vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute
2	breathe	to-infinitive				freely property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	doubt	present	creatures = creature				vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
4	exist	can	any life		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The air is considered too dense for rational creatures to breathe freely.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 air	det
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 considered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 considered	aux:pass
4	considered	consider	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	too	too	ADV	_	6 dense	advmod
6	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 considered	xcomp
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 creatures	case
8	rational	rational	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 creatures	amod
9	creatures	creature	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 considered	obl
10	to	to	PART	_	11 breathe	mark
11	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 considered	advcl
12	freely	freely	ADV	_	11 breathe	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 considered	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consider	present · passive		the air				for rational creatures; dense property	vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute
2	breathe	to-infinitive						freely property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Earth's air is thought too heavy and damp, with its dark seas and wild storms making life impossible for rational creatures.

The tree, 22 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 air	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Earth	case
3	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 thought	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 thought	aux:pass
5	thought	think	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 heavy	advmod
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 thought	xcomp
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 damp	cc
9	damp	damp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 heavy	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 seas	punct
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 seas	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 seas	nmod:poss
13	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 seas	amod
14	seas	sea	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 thought	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 storms	cc
16	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 storms	amod
17	storms	storm	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 seas	conj
18	making	make	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 seas	acl
19	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 making	obj
20	impossible	impossible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 making	xcomp
21	for	for	ADP	_	23 creatures	case
22	rational	rational	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 creatures	amod
23	creatures	creature	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 impossible	obl
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 thought	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present · passive		Earth's air				heavy property	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	make	gerund	air's dark seas and wild storms not said here	life				impossible property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset life=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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