Exam question 3 · Andersen's Tales, The Shoes of Fortune, part 9: the clerk…
Which of the following correctly states the reason the clerk gives for his wish to become a lark?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: clerk · What happens: follow, state, give, become, wish · To what, where: reason, lark
This is exam question 3 of lesson 282 «Andersen's Tales, The Shoes of Fortune, part 9: the clerk dreams he is a lark, is caught by a sailor-boy and is sold to two schoolboys» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 states | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 6 states | mark |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 states | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 states | nsubj |
| 5 | correctly | correctly | ADV | _ | 6 states | advmod |
| 6 | states | state | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 reason | det |
| 8 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 states | obj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 clerk | det |
| 10 | clerk | clerk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gives | nsubj |
| 11 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 reason | acl:relcl |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 wish | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 wish | nmod:poss |
| 14 | wish | wish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gives | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 become | mark |
| 16 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 gives | advcl |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 lark | det |
| 18 | lark | lark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 become | xcomp |
| 19 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 states | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | state speech: other | present | the reason | correctly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | ||||
| 3 | give | present | the clerk | the reason not said here | for clerk's wish | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for wish=Asset | |||
| 4 | become | to-infinitive | the clerk not said here | a lark | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | wish | clerk | nom wish «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark, since poets are never truly happy in the city
The tree, 22 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 wishes | nsubj |
| 2 | wishes | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 exchange | mark |
| 4 | exchange | exchange | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 wishes | xcomp |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 nature | nmod:poss |
| 6 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 exchange | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 that | case |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 exchange | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 lark | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 lark | det |
| 11 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 lark | amod |
| 12 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 lark | amod |
| 13 | lark | lark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 that | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 happy | punct |
| 15 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 20 happy | mark |
| 16 | poets | poet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 happy | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 happy | cop |
| 18 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 20 happy | advmod |
| 19 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 20 happy | advmod |
| 20 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 wishes | conj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 23 city | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 city | det |
| 23 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 happy | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wish | present | He | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | exchange not said to happen | to-infinitive | He not said here | his nature | for that | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent nature=Theme for that=Co-Theme | |||
| 3 | not is | present | poets | the city | happy, truly property | tree rules |
Option 2
He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark so he can fly above the city and forget his office
The tree, 24 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 wishes | nsubj |
| 2 | wishes | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 exchange | mark |
| 4 | exchange | exchange | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 wishes | xcomp |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 nature | nmod:poss |
| 6 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 exchange | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 that | case |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 exchange | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 lark | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 lark | det |
| 11 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 lark | amod |
| 12 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 lark | amod |
| 13 | lark | lark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 that | nmod |
| 14 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 17 fly | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 fly | nsubj |
| 16 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 fly | aux |
| 17 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 exchange | advcl |
| 18 | above | above | ADP | _ | 20 city | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 city | det |
| 20 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fly | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 forget | cc |
| 22 | forget | forget | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 fly | conj |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 office | nmod:poss |
| 24 | office | office | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 forget | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wish | present | He | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | exchange not said to happen | to-infinitive | He not said here | his nature | for that | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent nature=Theme for that=Co-Theme | |||
| 3 | fly | can | he | the city | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent above city=Location | ||||
| 4 | forget | infinitive | he not said here | his office | tree rules |
Option 3
He wants to trade his nature for a sparrow's happy song
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 wants | nsubj |
| 2 | wants | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 trade | mark |
| 4 | trade | trade | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 wants | xcomp |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 nature | nmod:poss |
| 6 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 trade | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 song | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 sparrow | det |
| 9 | sparrow | sparrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 song | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 sparrow | case |
| 11 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 song | amod |
| 12 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 trade | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | want | present | He | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | trade not said to happen | to-infinitive | He not said here | his nature | for a sparrow's happy song | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent nature=Theme for song=Co-Theme | |||
| 3 | sing | a sparrow | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
He wishes to exchange his nature for that of a happy little lark
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 wishes | nsubj |
| 2 | wishes | wish | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 exchange | mark |
| 4 | exchange | exchange | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 wishes | xcomp |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 nature | nmod:poss |
| 6 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 exchange | obj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 that | case |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 exchange | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 lark | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 lark | det |
| 11 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 lark | amod |
| 12 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 lark | amod |
| 13 | lark | lark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 that | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wish | present | He | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | exchange not said to happen | to-infinitive | He not said here | his nature | for that | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent nature=Theme for that=Co-Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/282-pg1597-part9/e3/