Exam question 3 · Tales of Courage, Arnold Winkelried, part 1: Swiss fighter…

What was the chief purpose of the second arrow concealed by William Tell beneath his garment?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: chief purpose, second arrow · What happens: be, conceal, tell, purpose · To what, where: second arrow · Speech: someone speaks here

This is exam question 3 of lesson 348 «Tales of Courage, Arnold Winkelried, part 1: Swiss fighters face the spears, and Winkelried gives his life» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	13 Tell	obj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 purpose	det
4	chief	chief	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 purpose	amod
5	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 Tell	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	9 arrow	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 arrow	det
8	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 arrow	amod
9	arrow	arrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 purpose	nmod
10	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 arrow	acl
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 William	case
12	William	William	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 concealed	obl:agent
13	Tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
14	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	16 garment	case
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 garment	nmod:poss
16	garment	garment	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 Tell	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	13 Tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	past				tree rules
2	conceal	participle		the second arrow not said here		vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	tell speech: assert	infinitive	the chief purpose of the second arrow		beneath purpose's garment	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	purpose		the second arrow			nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

to strike the tyrant should the Swiss army ever need help in battle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	to	to	PART	_	2 strike	mark
2	strike	strike	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 need	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 tyrant	det
4	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strike	obj
5	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 need	aux
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 army	det
7	Swiss	Swiss	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 army	amod
8	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 need	obj
9	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	10 need	advmod
10	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 need	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 battle	case
13	battle	battle	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 need	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	to-infinitive		the tyrant					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tyrant=Patient
2	need	should		the Swiss army		battle	ever		tree rules

Option 2

to strike the tyrant should harm befall his son during the shot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	to	to	PART	_	2 strike	mark
2	strike	strike	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 harm	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 tyrant	det
4	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strike	obj
5	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 harm	aux
6	harm	harm	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	befall	befall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 harm	xcomp
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 son	nmod:poss
9	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 befall	obj
10	during	during	ADP	_	12 shot	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 shot	det
12	shot	shot	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 befall	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	when	roles by
1	strike	to-infinitive	the tyrant		vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tyrant=Patient
2	harm	should			tree rules
3	befall	infinitive	his son	during the shot	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

to strike the tyrant should harm befall his son

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	to	to	PART	_	2 strike	mark
2	strike	strike	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 harm	advcl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 tyrant	det
4	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 strike	obj
5	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 harm	aux
6	harm	harm	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	befall	befall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 harm	xcomp
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 son	nmod:poss
9	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 befall	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	strike	to-infinitive	the tyrant	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tyrant=Patient
2	harm	should		tree rules
3	befall	infinitive	his son	tree rules

Option 4

to defend the village from the king

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	to	to	PART	_	2 defend	mark
2	defend	defend	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 village	det
4	village	village	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 defend	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 king	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 king	det
7	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 defend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	defend	to-infinitive		the village				from the king	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent village=Beneficiary from king=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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