Exam question 1 · Roman Tales, Androclus and the Lion: a runaway slave befri…

Which reason does Regulus give for returning to the prison in Carthage?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: reason · What happens: give, return · To what, where: Carthage

This is exam question 1 of lesson 351 «Roman Tales, Androclus and the Lion: a runaway slave befriends a lion and wins his freedom in Rome» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	DET	PronType=Int	2 reason	det
2	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 give	nsubj:outer
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 give	aux
4	Regulus	Regulus	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 give	nsubj
5	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	for	for	SCONJ	_	7 returning	mark
7	returning	return	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 give	advcl
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 prison	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 prison	det
10	prison	prison	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 returning	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 Carthage	case
12	Carthage	Carthage	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 returning	obl
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 give	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · do-support	which reason						vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	return	gerund	which reason not said here			Carthage		to the prison result	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to prison=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He had given his word, and a Roman must keep it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 word	nmod:poss
5	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 keep	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 keep	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 Roman	det
9	Roman	roman	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 keep	nsubj
10	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 keep	aux
11	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 given	advcl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 keep	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	give	past · perfect · passive		He	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient word=Theme
2	keep	must	a Roman	word	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	word		his = he		nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

He had sworn, and Romans must honor oaths

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sworn	nsubj
2	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 sworn	aux
3	sworn	swear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 honor	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 honor	cc
6	Romans	Roman	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 honor	nsubj
7	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 honor	aux
8	honor	honor	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sworn	conj
9	oaths	oath	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 honor	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swear	past · perfect	He						vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	honor	must	Romans	oaths					vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oath=Theme

Option 3

The senate had ordered him back, and he had given his word to the Carthaginian generals as well

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 senate	det
2	senate	senate	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 ordered	nsubj
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 ordered	aux
4	ordered	order	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 ordered	obj
6	back	back	ADV	_	4 ordered	advmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 given	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 given	cc
9	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 given	nsubj:pass
10	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 given	aux
11	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 ordered	conj
12	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 word	nmod:poss
13	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 given	obj
14	to	to	SCONJ	_	17 generals	mark
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 Carthaginian	det
16	Carthaginian	Carthaginian	PROPN	Number=Sing	17 generals	nsubj
17	generals	general	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 given	advcl
18	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=ADV	17 generals	advmod
19	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	18 as	fixed

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	order back	past · perfect	the senate		him = he	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
2	give	past · perfect · passive		senate		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient word=Theme
3	general	present	the Carthaginian			tree rules
4	word		senate			nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 4

He was bound by law to go back there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 bound	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 bound	aux:pass
3	bound	bind	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 law	case
5	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 bound	obl
6	to	to	PART	_	7 go	mark
7	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 bound	xcomp
8	back	back	ADV	_	9 there	advmod
9	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 go	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bind	past · passive	law	He					tree rules
2	go back	to-infinitive	law not said here			there			vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/351-pg18442-part11/e1/