Exam question 1 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 4: The Wild Woo…

Identify the inference drawn by the Rat from the nature of the wound sustained by the Mole.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, draw, sustain · To what, where: inference, wound

This is exam question 1 of lesson 36 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 4: The Wild Wood (the door-scraper, the door-mat, and a green door)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 inference	det
3	inference	inference	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 inference	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 Rat	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 Rat	det
7	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 drawn	obl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 nature	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 nature	det
10	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drawn	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 wound	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 wound	det
13	wound	wound	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 nature	nmod
14	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 wound	acl
15	by	by	ADP	_	17 Mole	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 Mole	det
17	Mole	mole	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sustained	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the inference		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent inference=Theme
2	draw	participle		the inference not said here	by the Rat; from the nature of the wound	vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from nature=Co-Patient
3	sustain	participle		the wound not said here	by the Mole	vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

That it was a clean cut from a spade

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 cut	nsubj
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 cut	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 cut	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 cut	det
5	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 cut	amod
6	cut	cut	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 spade	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 spade	det
9	spade	spade	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 cut	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	That	a clean cut		a spade			tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

That it was made by a sharp edge of metal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 made	nsubj:pass
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 edge	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 edge	det
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 edge	amod
8	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 metal	case
10	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 edge	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive	a sharp edge of metal	That					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product

Option 3

That it was made by a clean sharp edge of metal, perhaps a spade or a blade

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 made	nsubj:pass
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	9 edge	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 edge	det
7	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 edge	amod
8	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 edge	amod
9	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 metal	case
11	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 edge	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 spade	punct
13	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	15 spade	advmod
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 spade	det
15	spade	spade	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 edge	conj
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 blade	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 blade	det
18	blade	blade	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 edge	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive	a clean sharp edge of metal and a spade or a blade	That					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product

Option 4

That a badger's claw had struck him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 claw	det
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 badger	det
3	badger	badger	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 claw	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 badger	case
5	claw	claw	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 struck	nsubj:pass
6	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 struck	aux
7	struck	strike	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 struck	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	past · perfect · passive		a badger's claw					vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient he=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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