Exam question 1 · Aesop for Children, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf: a bored…

Which of the following best describes the boy's conduct in raising false alarms before the villagers, and what consequence followed?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: conduct, boy · What happens: follow, describe, raise, conduct · To what, where: conduct, false alarms, villagers

This is exam question 1 of lesson 364 «Aesop for Children, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf: a bored boy cries "Wolf!" for fun until a real wolf comes» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 describes	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 best	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 best	det
4	following	follow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 best	case
5	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 describes	nmod
6	describes	describe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 boy	det
8	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 conduct	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 boy	case
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 describes	obj
11	in	in	SCONJ	_	12 raising	mark
12	raising	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 conduct	acl
13	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 alarms	amod
14	alarms	alarm	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 raising	obj
15	before	before	ADP	_	17 villagers	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 villagers	det
17	villagers	villager	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 raising	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 followed	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 followed	cc
20	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	22 followed	nsubj:pass
21	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 followed	nsubj
22	followed	follow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 describes	conj
23	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 describes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	describe	present		the boy's conduct		of the best	tree rules
3	raise	gerund	the boy's conduct not said here	false alarms	the villagers		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent alarm=Theme before villager=Destination
4	follow	participle · passive					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
5	conduct		the boy				nom conduct «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He gave one false alarm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 gave	nsubj
2	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 alarm	nummod
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 alarm	amod
5	alarm	alarm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 gave	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	past	He	one false alarm					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alarm=Theme

Option 2

He raised alarms as a joke, and when the wolf came the villagers stayed away from the pasture

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 raised	nsubj
2	raised	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	alarms	alarm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 raised	obj
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 joke	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 joke	det
6	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 raised	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 stayed	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 stayed	cc
9	when	when	SCONJ	_	12 came	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 wolf	det
11	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 came	nsubj
12	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 stayed	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 villagers	det
14	villagers	villager	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 came	obj
15	stayed	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 raised	conj
16	away	away	ADV	_	15 stayed	advmod
17	from	from	ADP	_	19 pasture	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 pasture	det
19	pasture	pasture	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 stayed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	raise	past	He	alarms		as a joke	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alarm=Theme
2	come	past	the wolf	the villagers			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location villager=Theme
3	stay away	past	He not said here		the pasture	away property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

He sounded many false warnings, and the wolf later attacked while villagers ignored his shouts

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sounded	nsubj
2	sounded	sound	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 warnings	amod
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 warnings	amod
5	warnings	warning	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sounded	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 attacked	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 attacked	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 wolf	det
9	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 attacked	nsubj:pass
10	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 attacked	advmod
11	attacked	attack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 sounded	conj
12	while	while	SCONJ	_	14 ignored	mark
13	villagers	villager	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 ignored	nsubj
14	ignored	ignore	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 attacked	advcl
15	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 shouts	nmod:poss
16	shouts	shout	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 ignored	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	sound	past	He	many false warnings		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location warning=Theme
2	attack	participle · passive		the wolf	late property	vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3	ignore	past	villagers			tree rules
4	shout speech: express	present	villagers not said here			vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

He repeatedly gave false alarms, and when a real wolf came his cries were disregarded

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 gave	nsubj
2	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV	_	3 gave	advmod
3	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	false	false	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 alarms	amod
5	alarms	alarm	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 gave	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 came	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 came	cc
8	when	when	SCONJ	_	12 came	mark
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 wolf	det
10	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 wolf	amod
11	wolf	wolf	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 came	nsubj
12	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 gave	conj
13	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 cries	nmod:poss
14	cries	cry	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 disregarded	nsubj:pass
15	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 disregarded	aux:pass
16	disregarded	disregard	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 came	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	give	past	He	false alarms	repeatedly property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent alarm=Theme
2	come	past	a real wolf			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	disregard	past · passive		wolf's cries		vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	cry		wolf			nom cry «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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