Exam question 2 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (b…
Identify the principal reason advanced by the Badger for the postponement of any intervention.
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, advance · To what, where: principal reason
This is exam question 2 of lesson 38 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 2: Mr. Badger (bad news of Toad, a winter promise, and two lost hedgehogs)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | advanced | advance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 Badger | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Badger | det |
| 8 | Badger | Badger | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 advanced | obl |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 postponement | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 postponement | det |
| 11 | postponement | postponement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 advanced | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 intervention | case |
| 13 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 intervention | det |
| 14 | intervention | intervention | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 postponement | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | advance | participle | the principal reason not said here | by the Badger; for the postponement of any intervention goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent for postponement=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
Toad's wish to be left alone for the winter season
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 wish | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Toad | case |
| 3 | wish | wish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 left | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 left | mark |
| 5 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 left | aux:pass |
| 6 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | alone | alone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 left | xcomp |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 season | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 season | det |
| 10 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 season | compound |
| 11 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 left | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | to-infinitive · passive | Toad's wish | season | alone property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | wish | Toad | nom wish «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
Option 2
The cold weather
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 weather | det |
| 2 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 weather | amod |
| 3 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
Winter itself
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Winter | Winter | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 1 Winter | nmod:unmarked |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The winter season, in which no strenuous undertaking is expected of any animal
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 season | det |
| 2 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 season | compound |
| 3 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 expected | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 expected | obl |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 9 undertaking | det |
| 8 | strenuous | strenuous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 undertaking | amod |
| 9 | undertaking | undertaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 expected | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 expected | aux:pass |
| 11 | expected | expect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 season | acl:relcl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 animal | case |
| 13 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 animal | det |
| 14 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 expected | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | expect | present · passive | no strenuous undertaking | in the winter season | of any animal | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/38-willows-ch4-part2-toad-news-and-hedgehogs/e2/