Exam question 4 · Russian Fairy Tales, Katoma, Prince Ivan and the cows: Kat…

Explain the significance of the term dyadka as used in the narrative and state its modern signification.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, state · What happens: explain, use, signify · To what, where: significance, narrative

This is exam question 4 of lesson 465 «Russian Fairy Tales, Katoma, Prince Ivan and the cows: Katoma swaps clothes with Prince Ivan and tears off a cow's hide» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 significance	det
3	significance	significance	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Explain	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 term	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 term	det
6	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 significance	appos
7	dyadka	dyadka	X	Foreign=Yes	6 term	dep
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 used	mark
9	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Explain	advcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 narrative	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 narrative	det
12	narrative	narrative	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 used	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 state	cc
14	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 narrative	conj
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 signification	nmod:poss
16	modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 signification	amod
17	signification	signification	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 narrative	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Explain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	explain speech: assert	imperative	you not said here	the significance		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent significance=Topic
2	use	participle	you not said here		the narrative and state and state's modern signification	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	signify		state			nom signification «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

In the story dyadka denotes a wise hunter or herdsman, whereas today it denotes a cousin in the family.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 dyadka	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 dyadka	det
3	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dyadka	compound
4	dyadka	dyadka	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 denotes	obl
5	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 hunter	det
7	wise	wise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 hunter	amod
8	hunter	hunter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 denotes	obj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 herdsman	cc
10	herdsman	herdsman	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hunter	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 whereas	punct
12	whereas	wherea	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 denotes	conj
13	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 whereas	obl:unmarked
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 denotes	nsubj
15	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 today	acl:relcl
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 cousin	det
17	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 denotes	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 family	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 family	det
20	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 cousin	nmod
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 denotes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present		a wise hunter or herdsman		in the story dyadka	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hunter=Theme in dyadka=Attribute
2	wherea	present			today		tree rules
3	denote	present	herdsman	a cousin		in the family	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot cousin=Theme in family=Attribute

Option 2

Old guardian then, uncle now.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
2	guardian	guardian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Old	conj
3	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	1 Old	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 uncle	punct
5	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Old	conj
6	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 uncle	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Old	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3

In the tale it means a guardian; today it means uncle.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 tale	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 tale	det
3	tale	tale	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	obl
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 means	nsubj
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 guardian	det
7	guardian	guardian	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	obj
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 means	punct
9	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 means	obl:unmarked
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 means	nsubj
11	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 means	conj
12	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 means	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	tale	a guardian				in the tale	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot guardian=Theme in tale=Attribute
2	mean	present	tale	uncle			today		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent uncle=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

In the narrative dyadka denotes an old guardian or tutor, whereas in modern usage it denotes an uncle.

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 dyadka	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 dyadka	det
3	narrative	narrative	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dyadka	compound
4	dyadka	dyadka	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 denotes	obl
5	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 guardian	det
7	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 guardian	amod
8	guardian	guardian	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 denotes	obj
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 tutor	cc
10	tutor	tutor	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 guardian	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 whereas	punct
12	whereas	wherea	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 guardian	conj
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 usage	case
14	modern	modern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 usage	amod
15	usage	usage	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 whereas	nmod
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 denotes	nsubj
17	denotes	denote	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 usage	acl:relcl
18	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 uncle	det
19	uncle	uncle	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 denotes	obj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 denotes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	denote	present		a old guardian or tutor and whereas in modern usage				in the narrative dyadka	vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot guardian=Theme in dyadka=Attribute
2	denote	present	usage	a uncle					vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot uncle=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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