Test 1 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the…

Josh: «Toad didn't steal the car, he just borrowed it for a bit.» Put it right.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Toad, you · What happens: not steal, borrow, put · To what, where: car

This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 48 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the car in the inn-yard, twenty years, and the deepest dungeon)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Josh: «Toad didn't steal the car, he just borrowed it for a bit.»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 steal	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 steal	punct
4	Toad	Toad	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 steal	nsubj
5	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 steal	aux
6	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 steal	advmod
7	steal	steal	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Josh	parataxis
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 car	det
9	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 steal	obj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 borrowed	punct
11	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 borrowed	nsubj
12	just	just	ADV	_	13 borrowed	advmod
13	borrowed	borrow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 steal	advcl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 borrowed	obj
15	for	for	ADP	_	17 bit	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 bit	det
17	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 borrowed	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Josh	punct
19	»	»	PUNCT	_	1 Josh	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not steal in a quote	past · do-support	Toad	the car					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location car=Theme
2	borrow in a quote	past	Toad	car				for a bit	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put it right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here	car				right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The car was not his, so he took it without asking, then drove off, crashed, and was rightly found guilty by the court today

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 car	det
2	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 his	cop
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 his	advmod
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 car	acl:relcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 took	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	9 took	advmod
8	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 took	nsubj
9	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 his	parataxis
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 took	obj
11	without	without	SCONJ	_	12 asking	mark
12	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 took	advcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 drove	punct
14	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	15 drove	advmod
15	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 took	conj
16	off	off	ADP	_	15 drove	compound:prt
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 crashed	punct
18	crashed	crash	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 drove	conj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 found	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 found	cc
21	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 found	aux:pass
22	rightly	rightly	ADV	_	23 found	advmod
23	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 took	conj
24	guilty	guilty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 found	xcomp
25	by	by	ADP	_	27 court	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 court	det
27	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 found	obl
28	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 found	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	past	the car not said here	his = he			tree rules
2	take	past	he	car			vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	ask speech: ask	gerund	he not said here				vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	drive off	past	he not said here		then		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
5	crash	past	he not said here				vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	find	past · passive	the court		today	guilty, rightly property	vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 2

He drove it off without a word, and the magistrates decided it was theft after all

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drove	nsubj
2	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 drove	obj
4	off	off	ADP	_	2 drove	compound:prt
5	without	without	ADP	_	7 word	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 word	det
7	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 drove	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 decided	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 decided	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 magistrates	det
11	magistrates	magistrate	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 decided	nsubj
12	decided	decide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 drove	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 theft	nsubj:pass
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 theft	aux:pass
15	theft	theft	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 decided	ccomp
16	after	after	ADP	_	17 all	case
17	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 theft	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	drive off	past	He	it		without a word	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent it=Location
2	decide	past	the magistrates				vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	theft	past · passive		word	after all		tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

He took it without asking and drove off — that's stealing, and the court said so

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	obj
4	without	without	SCONJ	_	5 asking	mark
5	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 took	advcl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 drove	cc
7	drove	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 took	conj
8	off	off	ADP	_	7 drove	compound:prt
9	—	-	PUNCT	_	12 stealing	punct
10	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	12 stealing	nsubj
11	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 stealing	aux
12	stealing	steal	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 drove	advcl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 said	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 said	cc
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 court	det
16	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 said	nsubj
17	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 took	conj
18	so	so	ADV	_	17 said	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	take	past	He	it	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	ask speech: ask	gerund	He not said here		vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	drive off	past	He not said here		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
4	steal	present · progressive	that		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	say speech: assert	past	the court		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 4

He took it without asking, which is theft, and the court found him guilty of that

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	nsubj
2	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 took	obj
4	without	without	SCONJ	_	5 asking	mark
5	asking	ask	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 took	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 theft	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 theft	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 theft	cop
9	theft	theft	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 asking	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 found	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 found	cc
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 court	det
13	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 found	nsubj
14	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 took	conj
15	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 found	obj
16	guilty	guilty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 found	xcomp
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 that	case
18	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 guilty	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	take	past	He	it		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	ask speech: ask	gerund	He not said here			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present		theft		tree rules
4	find	past	the court	him = he	guilty property	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/48-willows-ch6-part4-twenty-years-in-the-dungeon/t1/