Test 10 · ★★★ · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the…
Looking back: in chapter IV, the Rat said Toad's end must be «killed or ruined». What has happened to Toad now?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Rat · What happens: look back, say, kill, ruin, happen · To what, where: end, Toad · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 48 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VI, part 4: Mr. Toad (the car in the inn-yard, twenty years, and the deepest dungeon)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Looking back: in chapter IV, the Rat said Toad's end must be «killed or ruined».
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 said | advcl |
| 2 | back | back | ADV | _ | 1 Looking | advmod |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 chapter | punct |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 chapter | case |
| 5 | chapter | chapter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Looking | obl |
| 6 | IV | IV | NUM | NumForm=Roman NumType=Card | 5 chapter | flat |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Looking | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Rat | det |
| 9 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 end | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 Toad | case |
| 13 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 killed | aux |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 killed | aux:pass |
| 16 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 17 killed | punct |
| 17 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 said | ccomp |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 ruined | cc |
| 19 | ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 killed | conj |
| 20 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 19 ruined | punct |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look back | gerund | the Rat not said here | in chapter | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in chapter=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the Rat | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | kill in a quote | must · passive | Toad's end | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | ruin in a quote | participle | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What has happened to Toad now?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 happened | nsubj |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 happened | aux |
| 3 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 Toad | case |
| 5 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 happened | obl |
| 6 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 happened | advmod |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 happened | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | present · perfect | Toad | now | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1
Ruined but still alive, and free to visit the Rat
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 free | advcl |
| 2 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 alive | cc |
| 3 | still | still | ADV | _ | 4 alive | advmod |
| 4 | alive | alive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Ruined | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 free | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 free | cc |
| 7 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 visit | mark |
| 9 | visit | visit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 free | advcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Rat | det |
| 11 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 visit | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ruin | participle | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | visit | to-infinitive | the Rat | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rat=Co-Agent |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Neither yet, but he's lost his freedom for twenty years
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Neither | neither | ADV | _ | 2 yet | advmod |
| 2 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 7 lost | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 lost | punct |
| 4 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 lost | cc |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 lost | nsubj |
| 6 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 lost | aux:pass |
| 7 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 freedom | nmod:poss |
| 9 | freedom | freedom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lost | obj |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 years | case |
| 11 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 years | nummod |
| 12 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 lost | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | present · passive | he | yet; year | tree rules |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
He is neither killed nor ruined, although he will not see his friends or Toad Hall again for many years to come
The tree, 22 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 killed | aux:pass |
| 3 | neither | neither | ADV | _ | 4 killed | advmod |
| 4 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 ruined | cc |
| 6 | ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 killed | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 see | punct |
| 8 | although | although | SCONJ | _ | 12 see | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 see | nsubj |
| 10 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 see | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 see | advmod |
| 12 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 killed | parataxis |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 friends | nmod:poss |
| 14 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 see | obj |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 Hall | cc |
| 16 | Toad | Toad | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Hall | compound |
| 17 | Hall | Hall | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 friends | conj |
| 18 | again | again | ADV | _ | 12 see | advmod |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 years | case |
| 20 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 years | amod |
| 21 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 see | obl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 come | mark |
| 23 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 years | acl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kill | present · passive | He | neither property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | ruin | participle | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | not see | future | he | his friends or Toad Hall | again; year | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer friend=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | come | to-infinitive | he not said here | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Neither killed nor ruined yet, but he has lost his freedom and must now sit in prison for twenty whole years
The tree, 21 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Neither | neither | ADV | _ | 2 killed | advmod |
| 2 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 3 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 ruined | cc |
| 4 | ruined | ruin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 killed | conj |
| 5 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 4 ruined | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 lost | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 lost | cc |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 lost | nsubj |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 lost | aux |
| 10 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 killed | conj |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 freedom | nmod:poss |
| 12 | freedom | freedom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lost | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 sit | cc |
| 14 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 sit | aux |
| 15 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 16 sit | advmod |
| 16 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 lost | conj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 prison | case |
| 18 | prison | prison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 sit | obl |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 years | case |
| 20 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 years | nummod |
| 21 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 years | amod |
| 22 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 sit | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | kill | participle | neither property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | ruin | participle | yet | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | lose | present · perfect | he | his freedom | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | sit | must | he not said here | prison | now; year | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in prison=Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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