Exam question 2 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VII, part 3: The Piper at…

State the observation made by the Water Rat upon examining the ground of the island.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: state, make, examine · To what, where: observation, ground

This is exam question 2 of lesson 51 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VII, part 3: The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (the gift of forgetfulness)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 observation	det
3	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 observation	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 Rat	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Rat	det
7	Water	Water	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Rat	compound
8	Rat	Rat	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
9	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	10 examining	mark
10	examining	examine	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 made	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 ground	det
12	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 examining	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 island	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 island	det
15	island	island	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ground	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the observation		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent observation=Topic
2	make	participle		the observation not said here	by the Water Rat	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
3	examine	gerund		the ground of the island		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

That a large bird had landed there, as the tracks in the mud showed

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 landed	nsubj
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bird	det
3	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bird	amod
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 landed	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 landed	aux
6	landed	land	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	15 showed	parataxis
7	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	6 landed	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 tracks	punct
9	as	as	ADP	_	11 tracks	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 tracks	det
11	tracks	track	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 showed	nsubj
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 mud	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 mud	det
14	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 tracks	nmod
15	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	land	past · perfect	That			there			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	show	past	the tracks in the mud						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 2

That an otter had been there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 otter	det
2	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 otter	det
3	otter	otter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 there	nsubj
4	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 there	aux
5	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 there	cop
6	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past · perfect	that otter					there property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

That some great animal had been there, as hoof-marks in the sward attested

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 animal	det
2	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	4 animal	det
3	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 animal	amod
4	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 there	nsubj
5	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 there	aux
6	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 there	cop
7	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 marks	punct
9	as	as	ADP	_	12 marks	case
10	hoof	hoof	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 marks	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 hoof	punct
12	marks	mark	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 there	parataxis
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 sward	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 sward	det
15	sward	sward	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 marks	nmod
16	attested	attest	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 marks	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past · perfect	that great animal					there property	tree rules
2	attest	participle		hoof marks in the sward not said here					tree rules

Option 4

That a Badger came by

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 a	reparandum
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 Badger	det
3	Badger	Badger	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 came	nsubj
4	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	4 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come by	past	a Badger						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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