Exam question 4 · The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 2: Toad's Adve…

Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the prisoner's passage through the castle?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: established facts, prisoner · What happens: follow, be, establish, concern, pass · To what, where: passage, castle

This is exam question 4 of lesson 53 «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 2: Toad's Adventures (the washerwoman's dress)» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 facts	acl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 prisoner	det
14	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 passage	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 prisoner	case
16	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obj
17	through	through	ADP	_	19 castle	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 castle	det
19	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 concerning	obl
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 consistent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund					vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	present				of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle					vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the prisoner's passage	the castle		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus passage=Experiencer
5	pass		the prisoner				nom passage «act intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He was never seen by any warder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 seen	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 seen	aux:pass
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 seen	advmod
4	seen	see	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 warder	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 warder	det
7	warder	warder	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seen	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not see	past · passive	any warder	He					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He was subjected to chaff by the warders, to which he replied without losing his temper

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 subjected	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 subjected	aux:pass
3	subjected	subject	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 chaff	mark
5	chaff	chaff	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 subjected	xcomp
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 warders	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 warders	det
8	warders	warder	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 chaff	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 replied	punct
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 which	case
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 replied	obl
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 replied	nsubj
13	replied	reply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 subjected	parataxis
14	without	without	SCONJ	_	15 losing	mark
15	losing	lose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 replied	advcl
16	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 temper	nmod:poss
17	temper	temper	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 losing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	subject	past · passive		He		tree rules
2	chaff	to-infinitive			by the warders	tree rules
3	reply speech: assert	past	he			vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to which=Theme
4	lose	gerund	he not said here	his temper		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temper=Eventuality
5	temper		his = he			nom temper «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

He was locked up in the cellar all day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 locked	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 locked	aux:pass
3	locked	lock	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 locked	compound:prt
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 cellar	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cellar	det
7	cellar	cellar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 locked	obl
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 day	det
9	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 locked	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lock up	past · passive		He		the cellar	day		vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The warders teased him, and he answered them rudely and loudly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 warders	det
2	warders	warder	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 teased	nsubj
3	teased	tease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 teased	obj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 answered	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 answered	cc
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 answered	nsubj
8	answered	answer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 teased	parataxis
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 answered	obj
10	rudely	rudely	ADV	_	8 answered	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 loudly	cc
12	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	10 rudely	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tease	past	the warders	him = he					vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient
2	answer speech: assert	past	he		warders = warder			rudely property	vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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