Exam question 4 · Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Fleece, part 45: the fie…

By what means did Jason render himself invulnerable for the trial?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Jason · What happens: mean, render · To what, where: Jason

This is exam question 4 of lesson 539 «Greek myths, Jason and the Golden Fleece, part 45: the field of Ares, the Fleece and a murder» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 render	obl
3	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 what	acl:relcl
4	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 render	aux
5	Jason	Jason	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 render	nsubj
6	render	render	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	6 render	obj
8	invulnerable	invulnerable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 render	xcomp
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 trial	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 trial	det
11	trial	trial	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 invulnerable	obl
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 render	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present							vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
2	render	past · do-support	Jason	Jason				invulnerable property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

By anointing his spear and shield with a magic salve

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 anointing	mark
2	anointing	anoint	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 spear	nmod:poss
4	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 anointing	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 shield	cc
6	shield	shield	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spear	conj
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 salve	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 salve	det
9	magic	magic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 salve	amod
10	salve	salve	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 anointing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	anoint	gerund		his spear and shield				with a magic salve	vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent spear=Destination with salve=Theme

Option 2

By wearing a cloak of golden thread

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 wearing	mark
2	wearing	wear	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 cloak	det
4	cloak	cloak	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wearing	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 thread	case
6	golden	golden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 thread	amod
7	thread	thread	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cloak	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	gerund		a cloak of golden thread					vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cloak=Theme

Option 3

By wrapping his body in a bronze shield from Ares

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 wrapping	mark
2	wrapping	wrap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 body	nmod:poss
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wrapping	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 shield	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 shield	det
7	bronze	bronze	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shield	compound
8	shield	shield	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 wrapping	obl
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 Ares	case
10	Ares	ar	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 wrapping	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wrap	gerund		his body		a bronze shield		from Ares	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme in shield=Destination

Option 4

By anointing his spear and shield and his whole body with a magic salve from Medea

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	2 anointing	mark
2	anointing	anoint	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 spear	nmod:poss
4	spear	spear	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 anointing	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 shield	cc
6	shield	shield	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spear	conj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 body	cc
8	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 body	nmod:poss
9	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 body	amod
10	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spear	conj
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 salve	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 salve	det
13	magic	magic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 salve	amod
14	salve	salve	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 anointing	obl
15	from	from	ADP	_	16 Medea	case
16	Medea	Medea	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 salve	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	anoint	gerund		his spear and shield and his whole body				with a magic salve from Medea	vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent spear=Destination with salve=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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